Harnessing the potential of plant transcription factors in developing climate resilient crops to improve global food security: Current and future perspectives

Shahzad, Rahil; Jamil, Shakra; Ahmad, Shakeel; Nisar, Amina; Amina, Zarmaha; Saleem, Shazmina; Iqbal, Muhammad; Atif, Rana Muhammad; Wang, Xiukang

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.028

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the N-terminus of NAC proteins contains a well-conserved NAM domain which is helpful to bind the target genes to their cis-acting elements, and the C-terminus contains variable transcriptional activation regions [ 8 ]. The N-terminus NAC domain is commonly composed of about 160 amino acids (aa) which can be further cut up into five subdomains, A to E, along with the related functions of nuclear localization, DNA binding, and the construction of homo- and heterodimerize [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The three subdomains A, C, and D are highly conserved; however, the remaining two subdomains, B and E, are poorly conserved, and this may lead to the diversity of NAC protein functions [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Zhang

et al. 2022

Genes

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As a large plant-specific gene family, the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor is related to plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses. Although the draft genome of garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) has been released, the genome-wide investigation of the NAC gene family is still unavailable. In this study, a total of 85 A. officinalis NAC genes were identified, and a comprehensive analysis of the gene family was performed, including physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, chromosome localization, gene structure, conserved motifs, intron/exon, cis-acting elements, gene duplication, syntenic analysis, and differential gene expression analysis. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that there were 14 subgroups in both A. officinalis and Arabidopsis thaliana, and the genes with a similar gene structure and motif distribution were clustered in the same group. The cis-acting regulatory analysis of AoNAC genes indicated four types of cis-acting elements were present in the promoter regions, including light-responsive, hormone-responsive, plant-growth-and-development-related, and stress-responsive elements. The chromosomal localization analysis found that 81 NAC genes in A. officinalis were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, and the gene duplication analysis showed three pairs of tandem duplicated genes and five pairs of segmental duplications, suggesting that gene duplication is possibly associated with the amplification of the A. officinalis NAC gene family. The differential gene expression analysis revealed one and three AoNAC genes that were upregulated and downregulated under different types of salinity stress, respectively. This study provides insight into the evolution, diversity, and characterization of NAC genes in garden asparagus and will be helpful for future understanding of their biological roles and molecular mechanisms in plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Zhang

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…The miRNAs and TFs are the key regulators of stress related genes and either upor-down-regulate the key genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms [4,48]. Therefore, knockout of TFs negatively regulating the tolerance related genes is a reliable strategy to increase abiotic stress tolerance in rice.…”

Section: Targeting the Microrna And Transcription Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, DNA recombinant technology or a transgenic approach has been utilized extensively to improve herbicide resistance in corn, cotton, and soybean [69,70]. Due to rigorous biosafety checks for genetically modified organisms (GMO) or transgenic plants, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated herbicide resistance has become more popular in recent years [18,48,71,72]. For example, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the Acetolactate Synthase (OsALS) [73] gene conferred resistance against and imazapic (IMP) and imazethapyr (IMT) in mutant rice plants.…”

Section: Crispr/cas9 For Herbicide Resistant Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

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“…Similarly, the 6-desaturase gene was overexpressed to increase α-linolenic conversion to its stable form γ-linolenic acid and ω-3 fatty acids. Production of isoflavone in soybean was enhanced by maize C1 and R transcription factors drove gene activation (3,55). The methionine contents in common beans were enhanced by the transformation of methionine-rich storage albumin from Brazil nuts.…”

Section: Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of cereals can be judged from the fact that global food security to a greater degree depends on their availability which amounts to 2,600 million tons annually (1). The changing climate is putting heavy pressure on crop production with the increasing demand for crops that can withstand harsh climatic conditions, i.e., drought and heat stress, and can deliver a balanced diet to human beings (2,3). Under these circumstances, pulses have emerged as an important component of the food chain, which can provide an environmentally stable source of protein, fats, and micronutrients (Box 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.

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Harnessing the potential of plant transcription factors in developing climate resilient crops to improve global food security: Current and future perspectives

Cited by 55 publications

References 169 publications

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives

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