Harnessing the Potential of (Quasi) Solid‐State Na‐Air/O₂ Batteries: Strategies and Future Directions for Next‐Generation Energy Storage Solutions

Abstract

This perspective points out the potential of solid‐state Na‐air/O2 batteries for powering next‐generation storage devices, highlighting their high energy density, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness. The challenges faced by Na‐air/O2 batteries, including liquid electrolyte instability, O2/O2− crossover, Na anode passivation, and dendritic growth are addressed. Strategies such as exploring solid‐state electrolytes (SSE), mitigating O2/O2− crossover, protecting the Na anode, and enhancing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are discussed as potential solutions. Future challenges in advancing the technology are reviewed, emphasizing the need for addressing and understanding the fundamental mechanisms of (quasi)solid‐state Na‐air/O2 batteries (i.e., discharge product chemistry, dendritic growth, O2 crossover, the electrolyte properties, the stabilization of battery chemistry and Na+ transport). A roadmap outlining future directions is presented to overcome these challenges, with the goal of fully harnessing the potential of Na‐air/O2 batteries as a viable option for renewable energy and industrial‐scale commercialization.