With these considerations, authors have tried to incorporate chapters on production and productivity scenario, canopy and root development, biological nitrogen fixation, physiology of growth and yield components, light and water-use efficiency, physiological aspects of pulse-cereal intercropping and nutritional qualities concerned with all major and minor pulses, viz. chickpea, pigeonpea, MULLaRP , and arid legumes (cowpea, moth bean, guar, winged bean), grown in different agro-ecological regions of India. A brief botany, origin and economic uses have also been covered. Chapters on ideal plant type as well as molecular basis to face challenges in pulse production are also incorporated. In the light of global climate change, a chapter on effect of greenhouse gases and global warming in pulses has been specifically included in this book. The book will fulfill the growing needs of all students and researchers of agricultural sciences in general, and of crop physiology in particular, concerned with pulses in Indian context.