Harvest strategies to maximize the annual production of bioactive compounds, glucosinolates, and total antioxidant activities of kale in plant factories

Yoon, Hyo In; Kim, Ji Soo; Kim, Damin; Kim, Chul Young; Son, Jung Eek

doi:10.1007/s13580-019-00174-0

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Even when exposed to the same stress level, the stress susceptibility on each leaf is determined by leaf developmental age. Many studies emphasize the importance of the plant’s developmental stage for its antioxidant capacity and UV stress response [ 32 , 33 ]. For phenolic accumulation within individual plants, the effects of leaf aging and positioning are non-separable [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents

Yoon

Kim

Jae-Woo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) acts as a regulatory stimulus, inducing the dose-dependent biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids at the leaf level. However, the heterogeneity of biosynthesis activation generated within a whole plant is not fully understood until now and cannot be interpreted without quantification of UV-B radiation interception. In this study, we analyzed the spatial UV-B radiation interception of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) grown under supplemental UV-B LED using ray-tracing simulation with 3-dimension-scanned models and leaf optical properties. The UV-B-induced phenolic compounds and flavonoids accumulated more, with higher UV-B interception and younger leaves. To distinguish the effects of UV-B energy and leaf developmental age, the contents were regressed separately and simultaneously. The effect of intercepted UV-B on flavonoid content was 4.9-fold that of leaf age, but the effects on phenolic compound biosynthesis were similar. This study confirmed the feasibility and relevance of UV-B radiation interception analysis and paves the way to explore the physical and physiological base determining the intraindividual distribution of phenolic compound in controlled environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents

Yoon

Kim

Jae-Woo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The fast growth rate due to proper ambient environment and nutrient management might be a reason for high glucosinolate accumulation in the early stage (two weeks after transplantation), and it gradually declined with the cultivation period (four weeks after transplantation). Determination of the proper harvesting time of brassicaceous plants has been investigated in several studies [ 63 , 64 ]. Based on the environmental factors and cultivation methods used in this study, early harvesting (2–3 weeks after transplantation) is suggested as a possible strategy to achieve glucosinolate-rich kale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth and Glucosinolate Content of Kale Grown in a Plant Factory

Chowdhury

Kiraga

Islam

et al. 2021

Foods

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The growth of plants and their glucosinolate content largely depend on the cultivation environment; however, there are limited reports on the optimization of ambient environmental factors for kale grown in plant factories. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on kale growth and glucosinolate content in different growth stages of cultivation in a plant factory. Kale was grown under different temperatures (14, 17, 20, 23, and 26 °C), relative humidities (45, 55, 65, 75, and 85%), and CO2 concentrations (400, 700, 1000, 1300, and 1600 ppm) in a plant factory. Two and four weeks after transplantation, leaf samples were collected to evaluate the physical growth and glucosinolate contents. The statistical significance of the treatment effects was determined by two-way analysis of variance, and Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare the means. A correlation matrix was constructed to show possible linear trends among the dependent variables. The observed optimal temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 range for growth (20–23 °C, 85%, and 700–1000 ppm) and total glucosinolate content (14–17 °C, 55–75%, and 1300–1600 ppm) were different. Furthermore, the glucosinolate content in kale decreased with the increase of temperature and relative humidity levels, and increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. Most of the physical growth variables showed strong positive correlations with each other but negative correlations with glucosinolate components. The findings of this study could be used by growers to maintain optimum environmental conditions for the better growth and production of glucosinolate-rich kale leaves in protected cultivation facilities.

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“…The nutrient solutions were supplied with an EC of 1.2 dS m −1 . Three plants per treatment were harvested at 42 days after transplanting (DAT), which is the optimal harvest time for maximizing the annual production of bioactive compounds in this cultivar [4]. After the whole leaves were lyophilized with a freeze dryer (FD8512, Ilshin Biobase Co., Yangju, Korea) at −80 • C under a vacuum of 0.007 mm Hg for 120-168 h, and the shoot dry weight (DW) was measured with three replicates.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering both the concentration of nutrients and dry matter yield, the dilution effect in plant nutrients can be taken into account [37]. Additionally, the accumulation per plant can be used to estimate the annual production of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant activities [4]. The results showed that the optimal drought duration in kale was 3 days before harvest for maximizing TPC and TFC without growth loss.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Antioxidant Activity and Plant Growth mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of kale is increasing as a source of functional foods and nutraceuticals, of which the protective health effects are attributed to its radical scavenging and metal-chelating abilities [1]. The production of phytochemical compounds is often low (less than 1% dry weight), and depends greatly on the physiological and developmental stage of the plant [2][3][4]. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of phytochemical compounds vary depending on multiple factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Duration of Drought Stress Near Harvest for Promoting Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Kale with or without UV-B Radiation in Plant Factories

Yoon

Zhang

Son

2020

Plants

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Among abiotic stresses, both drought and UV-B radiation effectively trigger the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and can be widely applied in plant factories. The objectives of this study were to investigate antioxidant accumulation under drought stress alone, or in combination with UV-B radiation near harvest, and to determine an optimal treatment time for maximum antioxidant production. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) plants were grown in a plant factory and harvested at 42 days after transplanting. The single and combination treatments lasted for 7 to 1 days and 4 to 2 days before harvest, respectively. The results of both Fv/Fm (maximal photochemical efficiency in photosystem II) and leaf water potential could ensure the function of photosynthesis and maintain normal leaf moisture in single drought treatments of less than 4 days. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were significantly increased in both single and combination treatments for 3 to 4 days, compared to other treatments. The supplementary UV-B treatments showed no extra formation of antioxidants compared to the single drought treatments. As a result, drought for 3 days before harvest could achieve the highest potential value of kale as a source of natural antioxidants.

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Harvest strategies to maximize the annual production of bioactive compounds, glucosinolates, and total antioxidant activities of kale in plant factories

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents

Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents

Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth and Glucosinolate Content of Kale Grown in a Plant Factory

Optimal Duration of Drought Stress Near Harvest for Promoting Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Kale with or without UV-B Radiation in Plant Factories

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