Harvesting and Baling of Pruned Biomass in Apple Orchards for Energy Production

Dyjakon, Arkadiusz

doi:10.3390/en11071680

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the total energy input flow (EIF) being a sum of DE and IDE was calculated. Next, the energy intensity (EI), expressed in energy units per physical unit of good produced, was determined [32]:…”

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the pruning biomass (PB) yield is expressed in tons of harvested biomass (fresh mass, FM, or dry mass, DM) per hectare (tFM·ha −1 ; tDM·ha −1 ). The energy output flow (EOF) of the biomass harvested during the baling process with and without the windrowers was estimated according to the following formula [32]:…”

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where MC FM is the moisture content in the fresh mass of harvested biomass, and LHV is the lower heating value of the pruned dry apple tree biomass (MJ·kg −1 ). Based on the data obtained, some other indices related to energy flow, such as the energy balance (EB) [33], the energy return on investment (EROI) [32], the energy input share (EIS) [34], and the energy productivity (EP) [35], were calculated using given equations:…”

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the Use of Windrowers in Baler Machinery on the Energy Balance during Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchard

Dyjakon

2018

Energies

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The effective operation of machinery in agricultural processes is crucial in terms of energy efficiency, economic consequences, and environmental footprint. The agricultural sector provides many opportunities to bring biomass to the market. An interesting option is to collect the branches after a regular pruning of apple orchards in the winter-spring season. As the harvesting of pruning residues in apple orchards for energy purposes demands additional primary energy, any measures that increase the amount of collected biomass are desirable. In this study, the influence of pruning harvesting using a baler with and without windrowers on pruning biomass yield, energy input and output flow, energy balance, CO 2 emission reduction, and costs of that operation in apple orchards was investigated. The performed analysis, based on the results from two apple orchards, revealed that the energy balance was positive for both variants. However, in comparison with the harvesting process without windrowers, the use of windrowers in these two orchards caused an increase in pruning biomass yield by 0.45 tDM·ha −1 per year (25%) and 0.54 tDM·ha −1 per year (33%), respectively. The energy balance increased up by ca. 0.8-1.0 GJ·ha −1 , although the fuel consumption by the tractor was higher. The use of windrowers did not significantly increase the costs, but resulted in remarkably better income from biomass selling (ca. €30-40 ha −1 ). Finally, the increase in the mass of harvested biomass led to a higher potential CO 2 emission reduction. As a result, pruning biomass is an attractive source of energy, especially for local markets.Energies 2018, 11, 3236 2 of 15 than 60% of the current renewable energy production in the EU-28, and the majority is sourced from solid biomass [5]. Due to the numerous advantages of using biomass, much attention has been paid to developing advanced technologies to enable its conversion to energy and fuels. The main source of solid biomass is forestry [6], but significant amounts are produced by agriculture as well, including energy crops and agricultural residues [7]. Agricultural residues can be divided into three main groups: primary crop residues, secondary crop residues, and animal farming residues. Primary crops residues are produced on the field (like straw, prunings, and other cuttings). Secondary crop residues are generated during processing of harvested products (like pomace or sunflower husks). Animal farming residues are produced during animal breeding (like manure).Primary crops residues require collection using suitable machinery [8,9]. Agriculture residues are generally collected in the form of round bales, square bales, or in their chopped form [10]. As a result, there is a demand for additional energy for recovery, harvesting, processing, storage, and transportation to prepare such biomass for energy purposes [11,12]. The limited season for harvesting crop residues results in seasonal supply of agriculture-based biomass [13]. Among the crop residues, the seasonal pruning of fruit orchards r...

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Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the Use of Windrowers in Baler Machinery on the Energy Balance during Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchard

Dyjakon

2018

Energies

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“…Pruning and harvesting activities can be integrated with chipping or baling [13,14]. 'Chipping' is cutting pruning wood into woodchips, which can be used as solid biomass fuel.…”

Section: Biomass Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The storage of biomass is one of the major issues in biomass logistics and handling as it is related to the seasonal variability and cost of logistics operations [13,14]. The storage of biomass should be located and designed in a way that it could improve the total system efficiency.…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Logistics Performances of Agricultural Prunings for Energy Production: A Logistics Audit Analysis Approach

Bosona

Gebresenbet

2018

Logistics

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Abstract:The utilization of agricultural prunings as renewable energy sources requires effective and efficient logistics systems. The objective of this paper was to map out logistics activities along the agricultural pruning-to-energy (PtE) value chains. It describes the logistics performances based on the existing and potential pruning biomass supply chains focusing on prunings from fruit tree, vineyards, olive groove, and up-rooted tree branches. A logistics audit analysis approach has been used for detailed assessment of logistics performances. The analysis was based mainly on primary data gathered using a structured data survey format targeting the existing and potential PtE initiatives in Spain, Germany, Denmark, France, and Poland. The analysis considered the major stages of the chain, such as pruning, harvesting, processing (e.g., baling and chipping), storage, transport, and the linkage between the different stages. The paper identified the constraints along the logistics chain and recommended appropriate interventions to promote the marketing of agricultural pruning focusing on the supply of quality bales and chips for renewable energy production, and to increase the sustainability of renewable energy generation from PtE initiatives. The study has indicated that there are economic, social, and environmental benefits of PtE initiatives, as well as opportunities to increase the implementation and sustainability of the system.

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Technical Options of Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchards Applying Baling Technology and Its Conversion to Energy

Dyjakon

2019

Springer Proceedings in Energy

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Harvesting and Baling of Pruned Biomass in Apple Orchards for Energy Production

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

The Influence of the Use of Windrowers in Baler Machinery on the Energy Balance during Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchard

The Influence of the Use of Windrowers in Baler Machinery on the Energy Balance during Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchard

Evaluating Logistics Performances of Agricultural Prunings for Energy Production: A Logistics Audit Analysis Approach

Technical Options of Pruned Biomass Harvesting in the Apple Orchards Applying Baling Technology and Its Conversion to Energy

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