Harvesting Electricity from Water Evaporation through Microchannels of Natural Wood

Zhou, Xiaobing; Zhang, Wenluan; Zhang, Chenglin; Tan, Yuanqiang; Guo, Jimin; Sun, Zhengnan; Deng, Xu

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b23380

Cited by 215 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have an abundance of hydroxyl groups so they can hydrolyzed to appear negatively charged when water infiltrates into the channels, facilitating the migration of water molecules and ions during water evaporation. [ 96 ] A continuous direct current can then be harvested from the water flow driven by natural evaporation (Figure 10d). Electrical generators based on these environmentally friendly and cost‐effective materials opens the door for many possible future generator designs.…”

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

et al. 2020

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Ongoing efforts to develop this energy have led to the creation of a variety of novel technologies based on photovoltaic, [12,13] piezoelectric, [14,15] triboelectric, [16,17] and thermoelectric principles. [18,19] Devices based on these technologies are readily incorporated into self-powered, battery-free electronic systems. This also acts to eliminate the harm to the environment caused by the use of conventional batteries. [20,21] As recyclable resource, water is not only indispensable to life but also constitutes the largest energy carrier on Earth (Figure 1a). As 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and 35% of solar energy incident on the Earth is absorbed by water, petawatts of energy are received in this way. [22] As the water resource is clean and sustainable, the energy contained in even a small fraction of the water on Earth can meet the current global energy demand if this energy can be efficiently harvested. Terrestrial water exists in vapor and liquid form including moisture, rain, clouds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. It also forms the basis for biological systems. Even though there is a long history of electricity generation from running water, most technologies only utilize the gravitational and kinetic energy in liquid water. [23] Such systems are inherently incompatible with the development of self-powered devices. The development of nanomaterials has enabled technology for the extraction of electrical energy from moisture, leading to The exploration of the utilization of sustainable, green energy represents one way in which it is possible to ameliorate the growing threat of the global environmental issues and the crisis in energy. Moisture, which is ubiquitous on Earth, contains a vast reservoir of low-grade energy in the form of gaseous water molecules and water droplets. It has now been found that a number of functionalized materials can generate electricity directly from their interaction with moisture. This suggests that electrical energy can be harvested from atmospheric moisture and enables the creation of a new range of self-powered devices. Herein, the basic mechanisms of moisture-induced electricity generation are discussed, the recent advances in materials (including carbon nanoparticles, graphene materials, metal oxide nanomaterials, biofibers, and polymers) for harvesting electrical energy from moisture are summarized, and some strategies for improving energy conversion efficiency and output power in these devices are provided. The potential applications of moisture electrical generators in self-powered electronics, healthcare, security, information storage, artificial intelligence, and Internet-of-things are also discussed. Some remaining challenges are also considered, together with a number of suggestions for potential new developments of this emerging technology.

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Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies have proposed that the origin of the electric energy generated by water evaporation may be attributed to the electrokinetic effect, [ 19,30,31 ] i.e., when water molecules pass through the capillary channels formed by materials with charged surfaces, the counterions within the EDLs can collectively move toward the same direction of the water movement, generating an electric potential. In this work, we believe that the 2D morphology and high surface potential of the AlOOH/UIO‐66 hybrid nanomaterials are critical for the electric energy harvesting process.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of MOF‐Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Directly Harvesting Electric Energy from Water Evaporation

et al. 2020

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The continuous exploration of clean‐energy technology is critical for the sustainable development of society. The recent work on the electric energy harvesting from water evaporation has made a significant contribution to the utilization of clean energy for self‐powering systems. Here, a novel metal–organic‐framework‐based hybrid nanomaterial is delicately designed and synthesized by the growth of UIO‐66 nanoparticles on 2D AlOOH nanoflakes. Due to the combined merits from the 2D morphology, which is inherited from the AlOOH nanoflakes, and the high surface potential, which originates from the UIO‐66 nanoparticles, the device made of the AlOOH/UIO‐66 hybrid nanomaterials can harvest electric energy from natural water evaporation. An open‐circuit voltage of 1.63 ± 0.10 V can be achieved on the prototype devices made of the hybrid nanomaterial. As a proof‐of‐concept application, a small electric appliance, e.g., a digital calculator, is powered up by a 3 × 3 device array connected in a combined series–parallel configuration.

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“…The streaming potential, a classic electrokinetic phenomenon in which an electric voltage can be generated when an electrolyte is driven through a narrow channel under a pressure gradient 15,16 , plays an important role in previous experiments of evaporation induced electricity 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . The dashed lines in Fig.…”

Section: And 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvesting energy from liquid evaporation has significant potential for green energy owing to the ubiquity of evaporation 1,2,5 . Evaporation has been widely used to drive microfluidic flow within porous films to generate electric power 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] mainly based on the classic streaming potential effect 15,16 . However, the interactions between materials and evaporating molecules have been rarely investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaporating Potential

Fang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Evaporation induced electric potential in functional materials has been promoting the emergence of a new discipline, hydrovoltaics1,2, but the phenomena have been widely ascribed to streaming potential related classic electrokinetic effects3,4. Here we show that evaporation in ambient environment can directly generate a sustainable voltage of up to 1 V with a current density of around 20 nA cm-2 from a porous carbon black film without contribution from streaming potential. Multi-electrode measurements confirm that the evaporating potential is generated mainly within the precursor ahead of the main capillary front. Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that the evaporating potential following the quadratic distribution arises from molecule evaporation induced carrier transfer in the precursor film. This new finding should lay a solid foundation for the emerging hydrovoltaics.

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Harvesting Electricity from Water Evaporation through Microchannels of Natural Wood

Cited by 215 publications

References 45 publications

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications

Rational Design of MOF‐Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Directly Harvesting Electric Energy from Water Evaporation

Evaporating Potential

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