Has China’s New Round of Collective Forest Reforms Reduced Forest Fragmentation? A Case Study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Zhu, Shuning; Liu, Jinlong; Xu, Hao; Li, Lingchao; Yang, Wentao

doi:10.3390/ijerph19106183

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Human activities and policies are the primary factors affecting LULC changes in the Loess Plateau (Zheng et al, 2019). Since implementing the GGP in 1999, the government's awareness consciousness of woodland conservation has gradually increased, and forest cover has grown rapidly (Yang et al, 2023; Zhu et al, 2022). In addition, large cropland areas have been used for afforestation projects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on forest fragmentation

Zhang

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Fragmentation profoundly alters the character and pattern of forests, influencing biodiversity in the context of global climate change. Forest area density (FAD) is currently considered the most effective method for characterizing forest fragmentation. Therefore, reasonable and accurate quantification of FAD and its relationship with forest cover changes are essential for evaluating forest fragmentation in the Loess Plateau under the implementation of the Grain‐for‐Green Program (GGP). Based on land use/cover (LULC) in 1998–2022, we integrated the Random forest (RF) algorithm and the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE‐S) model to derive LULC in 2030. Subsequently, we proposed a multi‐scale window threshold to evaluate forest fragmentation by constructing nonlinear models. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between FAD and forest cover changes by spatial regression models. The results are as follows: (1) in 1998–2030, the main conversion of LULC was of the cropland to broad‐leaf forests and grassland. (2) The 43 × 43 window served as the optimal multi‐scale threshold to assess forest fragmentation. (3) The GGP slowed down forest fragmentation. (4) The degree of fragmentation in broad‐leaf forests was higher than that in coniferous forests. (5) Spatial error model (SEM) was the most appropriate for establishing the spatial relationship between forest fragmentation and forest cover changes. In conclusion, since the implementation of the GGP, forest cover changes had a significant impact on forest fragmentation and its multi‐scale threshold. This research provides a basis for the reasonable configuration of land resources in the Loess Plateau and novel methods for studying forest cover changes and fragmentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on forest fragmentation

Zhang

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Some empirical studies have shown that the CFTR did not increase households' investment in forestry production. He et al (2020) argued that the CFTR did not significantly enhance the level of forestry investment as expected [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Impact of Collective Forest Tenure Reform on Timber Production in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Yang,

Wang,

Hou

et al. 2024

Forests

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China initiated a new collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) in 2003, which transferred the use rights of collective forest land and the ownership of collective trees to farmers. To assess the impact of the CFTR on timber production and to understand its underlying mechanisms, this study first conducted a theoretical analysis on how CFTR affects the production of commercial and non-commercial timber, leading to the provided hypotheses. Then, based on a panel dataset for 28 provinces from 1998 to 2018, a Time-varying Difference-in-Differences model was employed for empirical analysis. The results show that the CFTR led to an increase of 24.18% in commercial timber production and 34.37% in non-commercial timber production. The CFTR boosted the production of both types of timber initially, but the incremental effects were weakened over time. The incremental effects of the CFTR on commercial timber production was larger in regions with more collective forests. After the CFTR, the proportion of economic forest land in total forest land increased, contributing to a short-term rise in commercial timber production. In regions with higher timber market prices, reforms have a greater effect on increasing timber production, implying that farmers are more sensitive in their response to market values.

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“…The interaction term between collective forestland tenure reform and rural household differentiation is introduced to be identified on the basis of Equation ( 1), and the specific model is set as Equation (2) to test the moderating effect of rural household differentiation on collective forestland tenure reform and rural household forestry inputs (2).…”

Section: Empirical Test Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the security effect. Most studies have found that collective forestland tenure reform makes tenure in forests more stable and reduces the number of disputes over forestland tenure [2]. Long-term stable land tenure ensures that rural households' land returns are not appropriated by the government or institutions [3], reduces the uncertainty of future returns [4], and stimulates investment by influencing the expected rewards of land [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Collective Forestland Tenure Reform Promote Rural Households’ Forestry Inputs? Based on Dual Perspectives of Rural Households’ Divergence and Inter-Generational Differences

et al. 2022

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As the most direct subject of collective forestland tenure reform, rural households’ forestry production behavior is an important guarantee for the promotion of sustainable forestry development. Based on the survey data of 12,760 rural households in 9 provinces in China, we construct a theoretical analysis framework of the impact of collective forestland tenure reform on rural households’ forestry inputs from the perspective of rural household differentiation and inter-generational differences, and elucidate the mechanism of the effect of collective forestland tenure reform on rural households’ forestry inputs in the context of rural household differentiation and inter-generational differences. The results of the empirical analysis show that collective forestland tenure reform significantly increases rural households’ forestry inputs; this effect has a differentiated impact on rural households with different degrees of differentiation and inter-generational differences. Although the collective forestland tenure reform provides a good institutional environment for households to increase the enthusiasm of forestry inputs, the positive incentive effect of collective forestland tenure reform tends to decline as the degree of households’ differentiation and inter-generational differences deepen. Therefore, this research tries to provide an “indirect” policy adjustment idea to deepen the policies related to collective forestland tenure reform by starting from the differentiation of households and inter-generational differences.

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Has China’s New Round of Collective Forest Reforms Reduced Forest Fragmentation? A Case Study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Effect of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on forest fragmentation

Effect of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on forest fragmentation

The Impact of Collective Forest Tenure Reform on Timber Production in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Does the Collective Forestland Tenure Reform Promote Rural Households’ Forestry Inputs? Based on Dual Perspectives of Rural Households’ Divergence and Inter-Generational Differences

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