Has Surveillance Been Adequate to Detect Endemic Measles in the United States?

Orenstein, Walter A.; Harpaz, Rafael; Papania, Mark J.; McCauley, Mary M.; Redd, Susan B.

doi:10.1086/381126

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast, the completeness of the reporting of imported cases in the United States from 1997 to 2001 was only 40%. 26 It is likely that the R values calculated using method 1 in our study provided accurate estimates for Australia because the surveillance system is sensitive and the data on place of acquisition were complete.…”

Section: Research Estimation Of R To Track Measles Elimination In Ausmentioning

confidence: 87%

Estimating the measles effective reproduction number in Australia from routine notification data

Chiew

Gidding

Dey

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

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Section: Research Estimation Of R To Track Measles Elimination In Ausmentioning

confidence: 87%

Estimating the measles effective reproduction number in Australia from routine notification data

Chiew

Gidding

Dey

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…High quality coverage data are essential, at sub-national, district and even community levels, to guide decision-making. Clearly the quality of epidemiological data is dependent on the quality of surveillance and specifically the early investigation and confirmation of suspected measles cases [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles – The epidemiology of elimination

Dürrheim

Crowcroft

Strebel

2014

Vaccine

109

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Tremendous progress has been made globally to reduce the contribution of measles to the burden of childhood deaths and measles cases have dramatically decreased with increased two dose measles-containing vaccine coverage. As a result the Global Vaccine Action Plan, endorsed by the World Health Assembly, has targeted measles elimination in at least five of the six World Health Organisation Regions by 2020. This is an ambitious goal, since measles control requires the highest immunisation coverage of any vaccine preventable disease, which means that the health system must be able to reach every community. Further, while measles remains endemic in any country, importations will result in local transmission and outbreaks in countries and Regions that have interrupted local endemic measles circulation. One of the lines of evidence that countries and Regions must address to confirm measles elimination is a detailed description of measles epidemiology over an extended period. This information is incredibly valuable as predictable epidemiological patterns emerge as measles elimination is approached and achieved. These critical features, including the source, size and duration of outbreaks, the seasonality and age-distribution of cases, genotyping pointers and effective reproduction rate estimates, are discussed with illustrative examples from the Region of the Americas, which eliminated measles in 2002, and the Western Pacific Region, which has established a Regional Verification Commission to review progress towards elimination in all member countries.

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“…If measles virus is no longer endemic and thus not continuously circulating in the United States, all chains of measles transmission must derive from infections acquired elsewhere. The proportion of reported cases determined to have an imported source reflects the completeness of case ascertainment as well as the thoroughness of the subsequent case investigations [7,8]. During their investigations of suspected measles cases, health departments collect detailed information relating to travel history and to potential sources of infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Establishing and Evaluating Indicators of the Quality of Measles Surveillance in the United States, 1996–1998

Harpaz

Papania

Fujii

et al. 2004

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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As part of a strategy to eliminate measles, 7 indicators were adopted in the United States in 1996 to ensure the quality of measles surveillance. This report summarizes the US experience with these indicators during 1996-1998. The indicators are compiled from data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during routine surveillance supplemented with information collected directly from states. Measles case investigations are generally thorough, and sufficient information is collected to control and monitor disease. A high proportion of measles cases are imported from other countries, suggesting that investigations are complete. For some states, the lag from disease onset to reporting is long, and the number of health department investigations of measleslike illnesses is low. Most of these investigations include laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Collection of measles virus specimens from cases for genetic analysis needs improvement. The CDC and health departments need to continue efforts directed at health care professionals to ensure the recognition, proper diagnostic workup, and reporting of measles.

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Has Surveillance Been Adequate to Detect Endemic Measles in the United States?

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Estimating the measles effective reproduction number in Australia from routine notification data

Estimating the measles effective reproduction number in Australia from routine notification data

Measles – The epidemiology of elimination

Lessons Learned from Establishing and Evaluating Indicators of the Quality of Measles Surveillance in the United States, 1996–1998

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