Has the epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis due to methylisothiazolinone reached its peak?

Venables, Zoe C; Bourke, Jane; Buckley, D. A.; Campbell, FA; Chowdhury, M. M. U.; Abdul-Ghaffar, Sharizan; Green, C.; McFadden, John; Orton, David; Sabroe, R.A.; Sansom, Jane; Stone, Natalie; Wakelin, S. H.; Wilkinson, S. M.; Johnston, Graham A.R.

doi:10.1111/bjd.15016

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Following this regulatory action, a decline of the incidence of MI contact allergy was expected. Indeed, some single‐centre data or national contact allergy network data indicated that 2013/14 was probably the peak in the MI contact allergy epidemic, and a more or less marked decline was seen thereafter. For instance, in Australia MI had been banned from leave‐on cosmetic products, and a decline of MI sensitization frequency in consecutive patients was noted in 2017, which suggests some pre‐emptive measures, reducing exposure already before the regulatory deadline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: follow‐up on changing exposures

Uter

Aalto‐Korte

Agner

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has caused an unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy in Europe and elsewhere. Subsequently, regulatory action has been taken, at least in Europe, aiming at reducing risk of MI sensitization. Objective To follow‐up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in consecutively patch tested patients and assess the spectrum of products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI in patients positive to MI which elicited current allergic contact dermatitis. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was performed in 2016 and 2017, including all adult patients patch tested with the baseline series (including MI 0.2% aq.) between 1 May and 31 October at 14 centres in 11 European countries. Patients with positive reactions (+ to +++) to MI were further examined regarding history, clinical characteristics and eliciting products, which were categorized into 34 types and 4 classes (leave‐on, rinse‐off, household, occupational). The results were compared with the reference year 2015. Results A total of 317 patients, n = 202 of 4278 tested in 2016 (4.72%) and n = 115 of 3879 tested in 2017 (2.96%), had positive reactions to MI; the previous result from 2015 was 5.97% (P < 0.0001). The share of currently relevant contact allergy among all positive reactions declined significantly as well (P = 0.0032). Concerning product classes, a relative decline of leave‐on and a relative increase of rinse‐off and household products was noted. Conclusion The prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased by 50% from 2015 to 2017. As a consequence of regulation, the share of cosmetics products (leave‐on in particular) eliciting allergic contact dermatitis is decreasing. The chosen method of analysing causative products in sensitized patients has proven useful to monitor effects of intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: follow‐up on changing exposures

Uter

Aalto‐Korte

Agner

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

Self Cite

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“…Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a preservative commonly used in cosmetic products, including sunscreen 32 . Both MCI/MI and MI have caused an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis 33 . However, MCI/MI or MI alone has hardly been reported to cause photoaggravated reactions or photoallergic reactions 34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopatch testing in a tropical country, Thailand: 20 years' experience

Chaiyabutr

Sukakul

Limphoka

et al. 2020

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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Background: Photoallergic contact dermatitis is one of the important parts of photodermatoses. The investigation of choice is photopatch testing. However, reports with photopatch test results from Asian countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive photopatch test reactions and to ascertain the common photoallergens among Thai patients during 1998-2018. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 339 patients who were clinically suspected of having photoallergic contact dermatitis and had undergone photopatch testing. Results: A total of 44 photoallergic contact reactions in 38 patients (11.2%) were found. The positive photoallergic reactions were mainly found with organic ultraviolet filters and fragrances. Conclusions: Organic ultraviolet filter chemicals especially benzophenone-3 and fragrances were found to have a high prevalence of photoallergic contact reactions. Monitoring of the photoallergens employed in photopatch tests should be conducted periodically to provide the best patient care.

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“…1,2 Most of the published studies covered the period 2010 to 2015 or parts of it, where sensitization rates were high (>7%). [2][3][4][5][6][7]26,27 The peak of the epidemic was reached in 2013/14 17 and a decline noted for 2014/15. 16 Reports on the further development (2016-2018) are, however, sparse.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission (SCCS), as well as Cosmetics Europe (the association of the cosmetic industry) recommended that MI be banned from use in leave-on cosmetics in 2013. The overall frequency of sensitization decreased thereafter but remained at a high level, 16,17 for which continued occupational exposure, rinse-off or household products, still too high use concentrations, and undisclosed occurrence in a variety of products were thought to be responsible. 2,[18][19][20][21] We wondered whether the changes in the course of the epidemic were reflected in changes of the characteristics of patients in the surveil-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The methylisothiazolinone epidemic goes along with changing patients' characteristics – After cosmetics, industrial applications are the focus

et al. 2019

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Background Sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI) has seen an exceptional epidemic, mainly attributed to its use in cosmetics. Objectives To trace the epidemic of MI allergy (2009–2018), and to analyze a possible change of patients' characteristics. Methods Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken‐data of patients patch tested between 2009 and 2018 with MI (0.05% aq.) were analyzed concerning anamnestic items and sensitization frequencies. Results Overall, 4.9% reacted positive to MI. Comparing sensitization to MI in three periods (2009, 2013/14, and 2017/18), there was an increase to 7% in 2013 and a decrease to 3.4% in 2018. The MOAHLFA Index (M=Men, O=Occupational Dermatitis, A=Atopic Dermatitis, L=Leg Dermatitis, F=Face Dermatitis, A= Age > 40) for the period 2013/14 is characterized by a lower proportion of occupational dermatitis and a higher proportion of face dermatitis. The period 2017/18 is characterized by increases of occupational dermatitis and hand dermatitis, and a decrease of face dermatitis. Painters, personal care workers, and hairdressers were particularly affected. Sensitization in hairdressers and personal care workers (mostly cosmeticians) decreased after the peak in 2013/14, whereas sensitization to MI in painters continued to increase. Conclusions After an unprecedented epidemic of MI allergy, mainly caused by its use in cosmetics, the continuous use of MI in industrial applications, for example, paints, and subsequent sensitization remain a matter of concern.

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Has the epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis due to methylisothiazolinone reached its peak?

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: follow‐up on changing exposures

The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: follow‐up on changing exposures

Photopatch testing in a tropical country, Thailand: 20 years' experience

The methylisothiazolinone epidemic goes along with changing patients' characteristics – After cosmetics, industrial applications are the focus

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