Has the reduction in nest-site competition from Starlings<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>been a factor in the recent increase of Great Spotted Woodpecker<i>Dendrocopos major</i>numbers in Britain?

Smith, Kristin

doi:10.1080/00063650509461404

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the availability of dead snags did not seem to affect population increase, i.e. the number of breeding pairs increased (Smith 2005), whereas the number of cavities in dead snags remained constant and no trend was discernible over time (Smith 2007). It was found that standing dead trees in the studied forests varied between 6 and 12 and 2 and 6 dead stems ha -1 , respectively, with a trend for increasing over a 20-year period (Smith 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In 2001-2005, the nest-holes of great spotted woodpeckers were found at the beginning of the breeding season either by the sound of excavation or signs of wood-boring, as well as by detection of adults and calling nestlings during the latter period. In 2013-2015, we detected nest-holes by listening for begging calls of the young.…”

Section: Woodpecker Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As major creators of cavities, both species provide a critical resource for secondary cavity users (Mazgajski 2003;Smith 2005;Wesołowski 2007;Lučan et al 2009). Moreover, the middle spotted woodpecker is listed in Annex I of the European Union Birds Directive, and is the subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Kosiński

Pluta²,

Ulanowska³

et al. 2017

Biodivers Conserv

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Standing dead trees may be a limited resource for woodpeckers in managed forests, especially for species that rely on dead wood for their nest or roost cavity, and as foraging sites. Effective conservation strategies for woodpeckers require a detailed knowledge of species' responses to dead wood availability. To investigate the importance of standing dead wood (snags) for the abundance and nest-site use of the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major and middle spotted woodpecker Leiopicus medius in mature riverine forests, we compared the responses of birds between two periods-before mass mortality, and during a pulse in standing dead trees. The density of standing dead trees available for cavity excavation by the great spotted woodpecker and the middle spotted woodpecker increased significantly during the study period: 37-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Temporal trends in the abundance of both woodpecker species from 2000 to 2015 were not significant. Great spotted woodpeckers were significantly more likely to use dead trees and places with wounds in species other than oak and ash during the outbreak period than in the pre-outbreak period. Middle spotted woodpeckers were significantly less likely to excavate cavities in tree species other than oak and ash in the outbreak period, but dead trees were more likely selected. An interspecific comparison suggests that the probability of a nest-hole having been excavated by a middle spotted woodpecker increased with a nest-hole sited in ash, in a dead tree, in a limb/branch, and decreased with 123Biodivers Conserv (2018) 27:123-145 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1425-6 a nest-hole in a closed forest. These findings suggest that woodpecker species, especially weak excavators, may benefit from an increase in dead wood availability leading to nest niche shifts into more favorable substrates for cavity excavation. However, a strong increase in dead wood availability does not modify the general pattern of niche partitioning between great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers. Conservation plans for the specialized middle spotted woodpecker must consider the preference for dead and decaying trees. The decreasing number of large ashes and oaks, and the lack of natural regeneration of the latter species, may negatively affect the middle spotted woodpecker in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Woodpecker Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Kosiński

Pluta²,

Ulanowska³

et al. 2017

Biodivers Conserv

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“…In Britain, breeding success and spreading of the Great spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) increased dramatically during the past 20 years, which is mainly attributed to the decline of the Starling [24,25]. The European Starling has been introduced worldwide to Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and with greatest success to North America reaching from Alaska in the north as far south as Mexico, Cuba, and the Bahamas [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Use by Non-Native Ring-Necked Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and Native Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Central Europe

Czajka¹

2011

TOOENIJ

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Abstract:In general, non-native bird species may competitively exclude native species from nest sites. The potential resource conflict between a native and an introduced bird species, the native European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and the introduced Asian Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), was inferred from hole occupancy in parks of the German Upper Rhine Valley (Wiesbaden, Mannheim, Schwetzingen, Edingen-Neckarhausen), where Ring-necked Parakeets have been known to occur for 15 to 35 years. Only 2.2 % of trees (n = 3487) had cavities with an entrance diameter ≥4 cm. The number of unoccupied tree holes was high, representing 71 % of 639 recorded cavities. A niche separation corresponding to tree size and tree species preferred by both bird species could be detected. Starling preferred trees with a diameter of 0.75 ± 0.30 m, whereas Ring-necked Parakeet favoured ones with 1.16 ± 0.36 m in diameter. Both bird species were the most abundant hole-nesters in the examined cavities. Ring-necked Parakeets preferred Platanus x hispanica, which hosted 57 % of all broods for the parakeet, but did not use Acer pseudoplatanus. Starling favoured Quercus robur with 25 % of all broods, followed by A. pseudoplatanus with 19 %. P. x hispanica showed the highest numbers of cavities with 227 in total and a median of 3 holes per tree, partially produced by Ring-necked Parakeet. The largest colony-in-one-tree in this study was 9 for P. krameri and 5 for S. vulgaris. In this study, Starlings took over two nests from Ring-necked Parakeets, with one case vice versa, and Honeybees took over one active Ring-necked Parakeet nest.

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“…Strong cavity competitions from other cavity-nester birds often make the Great Spotted Woodpecker to build more cavities each year. Nest-site interference from other cavity-nester birds is also cited as a significant cause of breeding failure in the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Mazgajski, 2002;Smith, 2005). So the fitted diameter of the nest-cavity entrance can prevent occupation from other species, and it is vital for the breeding of the Great Spotted Woodpecker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in shelter plantations of west Inner Mongolia

Wan

Jiao

et al. 2008

For. Stud. China

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The Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major (L.), one of the natural predators of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is resident to Wulate Qianqi County of the Inner Mongolia and widely found in shelter plantations. In August 2005 and 2006, 174 and 153 nest-cavities of Great Spotted Woodpeckers were found respectively in Wulate Qianqi County and 22 breeding nest-cavities were investigated in 2007. The results showed that mostly willow species were selected for nesting by the Great Spotted Woodpecker, but mature poplar trees also could be chosen. Nest cavities were often found with a protuberance above the cavity entrance or with a downward sloping gradient, or both. The selection of the height of the nest-cavity height was not significant. The vertical diameter of the nest-cavity entrance (VDE) and the horizontal diameter of the nest-cavity entrance (HDE) ranged from 5.0 to 5.8 cm. The results also indicated that the compass orientation of more than 60% of nest-cavities were towards the north, northeast and east. This study suggests a convergence of some nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker in shelter plantations and will help us to make artificial nest for conserving the woodpecker and, as well, use the bird for controlling pests.

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Has the reduction in nest-site competition from StarlingsSturnus vulgarisbeen a factor in the recent increase of Great Spotted WoodpeckerDendrocopos majornumbers in Britain?

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?

Resource Use by Non-Native Ring-Necked Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and Native Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Central Europe

Nest-cavity characteristics of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in shelter plantations of west Inner Mongolia

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