Although initially lagging behind the USA, the amount and quality of research and development carried out in the UK can be compared favourably with that from other major world countries. The industrial research association, although a well‐conceived concept to increase research and development efforts that gave significant results, was disappointing for several reasons. A major problem has been the dissemination, exploitation and commercialisation of research results. The activities of research organisations need to be reviewed regularly, as they may have a relatively short lifespan. The intermediate research and technology sector, given adequate support, may be the vehicle for better utilisation of research and development results.