Hashimoto's encephalopathy and anti-MOG antibody encephalitis: 50 years after Lord Brain's description

Chen, Kerrie-Anne; Brilot, Fabienne; Dale, Russell C.; Lafferty, Antony; Andrews, Peter Ian

doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.06.002

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Co-occurrence of TPO autoantibodies with AMPAR, NMDAR, GABA A R, GABA B R, LGI1, and MOG autoantibodies has been described in patients with very diverse clinical phenotypes, with a predominance of epilepsy (5,(10)(11)(12). These findings are supported by this patient's case report, where the TPO autoantibodies were not responsible for the brain-specific IgG (immuno)reactivity, implying the presence of other autoantibodies targeting a neuronal antigen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Unidentified Neuronal Surface IgG Autoantibodies in a Case of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy

et al. 2020

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is an encephalitis of presumed autoimmune origin characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid proteins. We present a case of a young patient with pre-existing Hashimoto's thyroiditis and progressive cognitive complaints, absence-like episodes, and sporadic bilateral epileptiform frontal and frontotemporal activity. No abnormalities were observed during the neurological examination and on MRI. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) were elevated and remained positive while the symptoms were present. Levothyroxine and methylprednisolone did not ameliorate the complaints. Subsequent treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) led to improved cognitive functions and to the disappearance of the absence-like-episodes. Patient's serum, but not CSF, gave a characteristic IgG-specific hippocampal pattern in rat brain immunohistochemistry; this immunoreactivity was maintained after specific and complete depletion of TPO antibodies. Serum IgG bound to primary neurons in cell culture, likely targeting a yet unidentified neuronal surface antigen. The clinical response to IVIG suggests but does not prove, that the circulating novel autoantibodies may induce the encephalopathy. It would be of interest to investigate more patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy for the presence of neuronal surface autoantibodies, to define their role in the disease and their target antigen(s).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Unidentified Neuronal Surface IgG Autoantibodies in a Case of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy

et al. 2020

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“… 68 , 75 Given the overall rarity of double positive cases based on the results of the larger studies, and considering the superior specificity of the AQP4-IgG test compared to the MOG-IgG test, and that a reliable cell-based-assay (CBA) for detecting MOG-IgG has been available just recently (2017), there is a high possibility that most of the double positive cases may likely be AQP4-IgG + NMOSD with false positive MOG-IgG test results, especially in reports made before this time with using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 68 , 75 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune diseases and cancers overlapping with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): A systematic review

Molazadeh

Bose

Lotan

et al. 2022

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Cl

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Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has various similarities with AQP4-IgG-seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD) in terms of clinical presentations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and response to treatment. But unlike AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, which is known to coexist with various autoimmune diseases and cancers, an association of MOGAD with these conditions is less clear. Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Duplicates were removed using Mendeley 1.19.8 (USA production) and the citations were uploaded into Covidence systematic review platform for screening. Results The most common autoimmune disease overlapping with MOGAD was anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR-EN), followed by autoimmune thyroid disorders, and the most common autoantibody was antinuclear antibody (ANA), followed by AQP4-IgG (double-positive MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG). A few sporadic cases of cancers and MOG-IgG-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis were found. Conclusion Unlike AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, MOGAD lacks clustering of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies associated with systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Other than anti-NMDAR-EN and perhaps AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, the evidence thus far does not support the need for routine screening of overlapping autoimmunity and neoplasms in patients with MOGAD.

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“…MOG-AD is less frequently associated with concomitant systemic autoimmune diseases than aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ( 19 ). A few cases of MOG-AD had concomitant Hashimoto encephalopathy ( 20 ) and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis ( 21 ). Our findings suggest that MOG-AD may also be associated with systemic autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibody-associated Disorder Presenting with Corticomeningeal Encephalitis Prior to the Onset of Optic Neuritis

2021

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We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disorder (MOG-AD) presenting with corticomeningeal encephalitis. The patient exhibited oral ulceration, a mild impairment of consciousness, fever, nausea, nuchal rigidity, positivity for human leukocyte antigen type B51, and neutrophil-dominant pleocytosis and interleukin-6 level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right temporal lesion with leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement. The initial diagnosis was neuro-Behçet's disease presenting with meningoencephalitis; however, a cell-based assay detected anti-MOG antibody in the serum and CSF and the patient also experienced bilateral optic neuritis. After administering steroid therapy, his neurologic symptoms and CSF abnormalities improved along with the disappearance of gadolinium enhancement and the lesion on MRI. This case suggests that MOG-AD may present with corticomeningeal encephalitis prior to the onset of optic neuritis.

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Hashimoto's encephalopathy and anti-MOG antibody encephalitis: 50 years after Lord Brain's description

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Unidentified Neuronal Surface IgG Autoantibodies in a Case of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy

Unidentified Neuronal Surface IgG Autoantibodies in a Case of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy

Autoimmune diseases and cancers overlapping with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): A systematic review

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibody-associated Disorder Presenting with Corticomeningeal Encephalitis Prior to the Onset of Optic Neuritis

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