Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Mimicking Viral Encephalitis: A Case Report

Yu, Miaomiao; Yu, Yang; Ma, Xianyi; Xie, Yinyin; Sun, Ning-Ning; Meng, Hongmei

doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00331

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of HE is estimated at 2.1/100,000 in the adult population but it might actually be higher than expected due to its underdiagnosis, taking into consideration that anti-thyroid antibody testing is not a routine investigation made in patients with neurological symptoms ( 20 ). It can affect people of all ages, but most commonly it occurs in the 4th-6th decades of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: case based review

Şorodoc,

Constantin,

Asaftei

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a controversial immunological neuropsychiatric disease, with a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is characterized by symptoms of acute or subacute encephalopathy which usually occur in the presence of elevated levels of antithyroid antibodies. Even though it is also known as steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), some cases appear to be steroid-resistant. This review examined whether treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is associated with better clinical outcomes than the standard therapy. Additionally, we presented a case of a 59-year-old man who presented with severe neurological manifestations and was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin.MethodsThe online databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched.ResultsA total of 1,365 articles were identified. After the deletion of 112 duplicates, 1,253 studies were screened by evaluating the title and abstract, focusing on Hashimoto’s encephalopathy cases where IVIG were used. 846 studies were excluded because they were not relevant to the topic or included pediatric population. Therefore, 407 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The final analysis included 14 eligible articles after 393 were excluded (irrelevant texts, not written in English, full-text not available). In the majority of the selected case-reports, IVIG was associated with a good outcome, sometimes even with dramatic improvements in patient’s status.ConclusionIn last years, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy proved its utility in Hashimoto’s encephalopathy’s treatment, being a well tolerated therapy associated with remarkable improvement in patient’s status. Further research is still needed in order to define the optimal treatment protocol for Hashimoto’s encephalopathy and to establish if intravenous immunoglobulin can also be used as a first-line therapy, alone or in combination with steroids.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: case based review

Şorodoc,

Constantin,

Asaftei

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other attributable, or pathognomonic, symptoms are difficult to identify due to the rare nature of the disorder. Prognostication is difficult owing to the fact that a subset of patients will experience a relapsing-remitting course in spite of treatment [ 8 ]. Anxiety, depression, hypersomnia, or difficulty initiating sleep can be the initial presenting symptom [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy

Kondramashin¹,

Filatov²,

Grossman³

et al. 2021

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy, is associated with autoimmune-mediated thyroiditis. Onset is typically gradual often with evolution over the course of months. Characteristic symptoms include impaired concentration and memory, delusions, hallucinations, personality changes, incoordination, tremor, hemiparesis, seizures, and speech difficulties. Diagnosis is predicated upon discovery of elevated anti-thyroid antibodies, specifically anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) or anti-M antibodies. Some patients may also present with subclinical hypothyroidism but many are euthyroid. Of note, neither thyroid function tests or antibody titers correlate with disease severity. Other common laboratory findings include elevations in sedimentation rate, liver enzymes, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein. Radiological work-up, including cerebral angiography, is often normal. Successful treatment includes administration of steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis. We describe a case of a 74-year-old male who presented for evaluation of abrupt onset confusion ultimately determined to be a consequence of autoimmune-mediated thyroiditis.

show abstract

Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Mimicking Viral Encephalitis: A Case Report

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: case based review

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: case based review

A Case of Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About