Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Autoimmune Disease: Background and Current Status, Update Overview of Biotechnological and Biomedical Fields and Future Trends for 3D Models

Abstract

Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune illness in which thyroid cells are damaged by immunological mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. Thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the serum are biochemical indicators of the condition, with females having a higher incidence than males and increasing with age. It's the leading cause of hypothyroidism in affluent countries. Inadequate dietary iodine intake, on the other hand, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. The development of antithyroid antibodies that target the thyroid tissue, causing gradual fibrosis, is the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The diagnosis can be difficult, and as a result, the problem is frequently not detected until late in the disease process. The most prevalent laboratory findings are raised TSH and low thyroxine (T4) levels, as well as enhanced antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis are discussed in this article.

Possible Roles of Micro RNA‑142‑5p and Claudin-1 in Development of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Iraqi Patients

“…Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was discovered around 1912 by the Japanese doctor effort Hakaru Hashimoto [1] Because of its prevalence in recent years, it has become the first and most prevalent organ-specific AID [2]. In the field of medicine, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is still the most widespread type of hypothyroidism (primary type) and is associated with the progression of thyroid cancer and thyroid lymphoma.…”