Hate in the Time of COVID-19: Racial Crimes Against East Asians

Carr, J. A.; James, Jonathan; Clifton-Sprigg, Joanna; Vujić, Sunčica

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4281273

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…When offered the Chinese (and to a lesser extent a Chilean or a German vaccine) they were willing to wait until a different option was available. At the same time, and despite being beyond the focus of this set of studies, we recognize that xenophobia, racism, and strong anti-Chinese sentiments in some parts of the population might have also driven negative attitudes towards the Chinese vaccine (e.g., Carr et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“I'll wait for the English one”: COVID‐19 vaccine country of origin, national identity, and their effects on vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness

Atkinson

Ntontis

Neville

et al. 2023

Social & Personality Psych

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Vaccines can play a crucial role in reducing the negative outcomes of pandemics. In this paper we explore how vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness can be affected by vaccine‐related information, the vaccine's country of origin, and national identity. Study 1 (N = 800) showed that a vaccine manufactured by China was perceived more negatively compared to vaccines from the UK, Germany, and Chile. Providing vaccine effectiveness information (83%) increased preference for waiting for an alternative vaccine and reduced perceived effectiveness of a vaccine from China. Brexit supporters perceived vaccines as less safe in general, and particularly thought of a vaccine from China as less competent, effective, and trustworthy, and were less prepared to have it. Study 2 (N = 601) largely replicated findings of Study 1 regarding the effects of a vaccine's country of origin. Moreover, participants who reported a higher sense of British superiority reported more negative attitudes towards a vaccine from China. However, apart from the aforementioned main effects of Study 2, our attempt to manipulate British identity vis a vis a Global identity in order to examine particular national‐identity related outcomes was not successful. Overall, vaccine characteristics can interact with various social psychological factors, potentially affecting people's perceptions and willingness to uptake particular measures to support personal and public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“I'll wait for the English one”: COVID‐19 vaccine country of origin, national identity, and their effects on vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness

Atkinson

Ntontis

Neville

et al. 2023

Social & Personality Psych

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show abstract

“…Much existing discourse on COVID-related racism has focussed on hate crimes against ESEAs, which increased dramatically during the height of the pandemic [ 28 , 45 ]. Our findings highlight the need to consider alternative framings of COVID-related racism, as many of our respondents experienced racism in the form of racist remarks made by people, they knew—classmates and friends, some of whom are also from ethnic minority backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 starkly demonstrated the precarity of ESEA status, when ESEAs were abruptly cast as foreign disease carriers [ 26 , 27 ]. An event study of UK police data concluded that racial hate crimes against ESEAs increased by 70–100% at the beginning of the pandemic in early February and persisted until November 2020 [ 28 ]. In educational settings, the sudden surge of racism prompted the teachers’ union, NASUWT, to urge the then Education Secretary, Gavin Williamson, to address COVID-related racism in schools [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘We are not the virus’–Experiences of racism among East & Southeast Asian heritage young people in London during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic

Gram,

Mau

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The spread of COVID-19 was accompanied by news reports of surging racism, xenophobia, and hate crime all over the Global North targeting individuals of East and Southeast Asian (ESEA) descent. However, little empirical research has documented the impacts of COVID-19 on child and adolescent ESEAs. We describe and analyse the mental health experiences of young ESEA Londoners during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We purposively recruited 23 young people (aged 9–20) of ESEA heritage through social media and existing ESEA networks and analysed transcripts using thematic analysis. Participants experienced distress from being exposed to multiple forms of racism ranging from strangers on the street avoiding or harassing them to classmates at school or university making racist ‘jokes’, comments or ‘banter’. Participants worried about hate crimes reported in news media and experienced anxiety from seeing pervasive racist content in online social media. Some participants responded by physically isolating themselves at home for long periods, whilst others chose to participate in activism, providing a sense of agency. Action by parents and school authorities was reported to help prevent further bullying, but respondents did not always feel able to approach these for help. Our findings put into focus the strain on young ESEA Londoners’ mental health caused by COVID-related racism and jar against simplified depictions of metropolitan places, such as London, as centres of cosmopolitanism and tolerance. To promote the emotional wellbeing of young ESEAs, future policy should facilitate action by schools and universities against anti-ESEA racism and support ESEA community-building efforts to enhance resilience in the face of racism.

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“…Much existing discourse on COVID-related racism has focussed on hate crimes against ESEAs, which increased dramatically during the height of the pandemic (28, 43). Our findings highlight the need to consider alternative framings of COVID-related racism, as many of our respondents experienced racism in the form of racist remarks made by people, they knew—classmates and friends, some of whom are also from ethnic minority backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘We are not the virus’ – Experiences of racism among East & Southeast Asian heritage young people in London during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic

Gram,

Mau

2023

Preprint

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The spread of COVID-19 was accompanied by news reports of surging racism, xenophobia, and hate crime all over the Global North targeting individuals of East and Southeast Asian (ESEA) descent. However, little empirical research has documented the impacts of COVID-19 on child and adolescent ESEAs. We describe and analyse the mental health experiences of young ESEA Londoners during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We purposively recruited 23 young people (aged 9-20) of ESEA heritage through social media and existing ESEA networks and analysed transcripts using thematic analysis. Participants experienced distress from being exposed to multiple forms of racism ranging from strangers on the street avoiding or harassing them to classmates at school or university making racist ‘jokes’, comments or ‘banter’. Participants worried about hate crimes reported in news media and experienced anxiety from seeing pervasive racist content in online social media. Some participants responded by physically isolating themselves at home for long periods, whilst others chose to participate in activism, providing a sense of agency. Action by parents and school authorities was reported to help prevent further bullying, but respondents did not always feel able to approach these for help. Our findings put into focus the strain on young ESEA Londoners’ mental health caused by COVID-related racism and jar against simplified depictions of metropolitan places, such as London, as centres of cosmopolitanism and tolerance. To promote the emotional wellbeing of young ESEAs, future policy should facilitate action by schools and universities against anti-ESEA racism and support ESEA community-building efforts to enhance resilience in the face of racism.

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Hate in the Time of COVID-19: Racial Crimes Against East Asians

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

“I'll wait for the English one”: COVID‐19 vaccine country of origin, national identity, and their effects on vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness

“I'll wait for the English one”: COVID‐19 vaccine country of origin, national identity, and their effects on vaccine perceptions and uptake willingness

‘We are not the virus’–Experiences of racism among East & Southeast Asian heritage young people in London during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic

‘We are not the virus’ – Experiences of racism among East & Southeast Asian heritage young people in London during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic

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