Hate Speech Acts: A Case in Batu Bara

Abstract

Hate speech acts that occur in the online realm expressed with words of prejudice and negative feelings are far more dangerous than in the offline realm. Hate speech is a new area in the study of illocutionary speech acts. This new area of speech acts becomes more interesting because every hate speech has various meanings or illocutionary forces based on speaker’s intention. This study aims to analyse the classifications and aims of illocutionary acts and illocutionary forces of hate speech contained in two face book group accounts related to Batu Bara district’s local election. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research are thirteen utterances/speeches of face book users in Batu Bara district’s local election group account. Data were collected using the documentation method with the help of referring technique. This method is used to observe the expression of the face book users’ hatred on issues related to social, cultural and political background on each candidate. Thirteen utterances analyzed are classified into assertive, directive and expressive and have illocutionary forces namely insulting, inciting and discriminating. This study indicates that hate speech can be identified linguistically.

Form of Hate Speech Comments on Najwa Shihab Youtube Channels in The General Election Campaign of President and Vice President of The Republic of Indonesia 2019

“…Ningrum (2018) also supports the results of this study through the results of her analysis regarding the form of hate speech on social media and the results in the finding that 32.63% of assertive illocutionary speech acts or the second most are forms of hate speech. It has supported by Rangkuti, et al (2019) Hate Speech Form of Expressive Speech -Insult Total = 1 utterances 0.3 % the thirteen hate speeches analyzed were assertive speech acts then directive (two utterances) and expressive (one utterance). The assertive speech acts in the study were in the form of statements and predictions.…”

Pejorative Words Indicating Indonesian Hate Speech

“…However, a study examining pejorative items indicating hate speech has still to be done. They checked propositional content, preparatory, sincerity and essential of the utterance to determine types of speech acts (Rangkuti et al, 2019). Alfina et al (2018) employed a machine-learning approach to detect hate speech in texts of Twitter data.…”

“…Alfina et al (2018) employed a machine-learning approach to detect hate speech in texts of Twitter data. Winiasih (2010) and Rangkuti et al (2019) studied hate speech using a linguistic approach. The former identified the use and function of Surabaya's swearing words using sociolinguistic theory; she has listed the swearing form and meaning (Winiasih, 2010).…”

Hate Expression Found on Twitter as a Response to Meghan Markle

“…Some previous researchers conducted the same research that the topic is about hate expression with a different focus. Hamnö (2019), Subyantoro & Siroj (2019), Rangkuti et al (2019), andWiana (2019) have researched hate speech in social media on political scope. Sari et al (2019), Hafisa & Hanidar (2020, and Kadhum (2021) observed hate speech that was viewed from an impoliteness strategy perspective that was found in movies.…”