Have flagella a preferred orientation during early stages of biofilm formation?: AFM study using patterned substrates

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical heterogeneities: Do they matter for initial bacterial adhesion?

“…It is hypothesized that the orientation of the bacteria adhered is dependent on physiochemical properties such as the presence of bacterial flagella [33,55,59,60] for the adhesion of bacteria. It has also been suggested that bacterial properties such as flagella can assist in the orientation of adjacent bacterial cells during initial adhesion as previously described for particles and bacterial cells in other studies [10,61,62].…”

Atomic force microscopy: A nanoscopic view of microbial cell surfaces

“…As can be seen in Fig. 6a, which was acquired with the hydrophilic tip, the cell appears surrounded (Diaz et al, 2011). by pili (thin fibrils in Fig. 6a), in comparison to the image in Fig.…”

“…3) of the dynamic process of spore germination in Bacillus atrophaeus revealing germination-induced changes in spore coat topography and structure (Plomp et al, 2007). Diaz et al demonstrated that AFM imaging of Pseudomonas fluorescens on patterned substrates is a powerful tool to observe, in air with a high relative humidity (70%) content, flagellar orientation on metal substrates during the early stages of biofilm formation, without the use of chemical treatments (Diaz et al, 2011). Their results suggest that flagellar orientation on inert surfaces, such as patterned gold with sub-microtrenches (ST) (Fig.…”

“…4a) and nanostructured gold with random orientation (SR) (Fig. 4b), is preferred, heading towards the neighboring cells, making contact, surrounding them, probably participating in signaling activities, and facilitating the gathering process at the early stages of biofilm formation (Diaz et al, 2011).…”

Recent Progress in Biointerfaces with Controlled Bacterial Adhesion by Using Chemical and Physical Methods

“…Taking the most commonly used PVD and lithography as examples, we briefly describe the fabrication methods of random and ordered topographies. [36] In ad-dition, the chemical composition of a thin film can be regulated by employing a metal (e.g., Au [37] and Ti [32] ), alloy (PtPd and AuPd [38] ), or compound (e.g., TiN and TiCN [39] ) as the vaporized material. [35] In a typical process, the thickness of the deposited thin film is varied from a few to thousands of nanometers, thereby forming random nanoscale topographies on flat substrates.…”