Have the Fundamental Movement Skills of U.S. Children Changed?

Chen, Zezhao; Zhu, Weimo; Ulrich, Dale A.; Qin, Man

doi:10.1080/02701367.2023.2250828

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…This detrimental behavioral "signature" may contribute to inadequate motor development during childhood, particularly in developing adequate fundamental movement skills (FMS) levels. Further, a negative secular trend in FMS proficiency in school-age children has been reported (Chen et al, 2023;Knaier et al, 2023), highlighting a serious concern for educators and families. It is well known among motor development researchers that FMS typically unfold during childhood and are later refined into context-and sport-specific skills (Garbeloto et al, 2022;Pacheco et al, 2021) and are essential for leading an active lifestyle (Goodway et al, 2021;Hulteen et al, 2018;Lubans et al, 2010;Payne & Isaacs, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of obesity, movement behaviors, and socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills in children: Results from the REACT project

Praxedes,

Maia,

Santos

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of biological characteristics (age, sex, and obesity), movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time), and family socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills (FMS) in primary school children.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study sampled 1014 children (537 girls) aged 6 to 10 years from 25 primary schools in Matosinhos, north of Portugal. Five object control skills (dribbling, kicking, catching, throwing, and underarm rolling) were assessed with a categorical scale using the Meu Educativo® platform. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and transformed into z‐scores. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were monitored with accelerometry (ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT) for seven consecutive days. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was obtained from the Portuguese social support system. Ordinal multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of weight status, MVPA, sedentary time and SES with FMS, adjusted for sex and age.ResultsBoys (odds ratio (OR) = 6.54; 95% CI: 5.13–8.36) and older children (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.85–2.26) were more likely to achieve higher FMS scores. Children with obesity (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45–0.80), those less active (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.42–0.75) and children with more sedentary time (OR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.77–0.97) were less likely to score high on FMS. Family SES was not significantly associated with FMS scores.ConclusionPrimary school children's FMS are significantly related to biological and behavioral factors but not to family SES. These findings highlight the need for suitable strategies to enhance children's FMS proficiency, considering differences in these characteristics. Fostering adequate motor skill proficiency levels will assist in establishing a robust foundation for healthy lifestyles of all children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of obesity, movement behaviors, and socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills in children: Results from the REACT project

Praxedes,

Maia,

Santos

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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Physical Activity and Motor Skills in Parent–Child Dyads: Associations With Indoor and Outdoor Home Space

Palmer,

Scott-Andrews,

Ramirez

et al. 2024

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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Indoor and outdoor home space may support physical activity (PA) and enhance motor skills (MS). However, there is limited knowledge about how indoor and outdoor home space affect PA and MS parent–child dyads. This cross-sectional study examined whether indoor and outdoor home spaces affect PA and MS in children and their parents. MS was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed using accelerometry in 43 and 48 parent–child dyads, respectively. Indoor and outdoor home spaces were self-reported through an online questionnaire. Multiple regression models were fit to determine the relationship between indoor and outdoor home space and MS and MVPA in children and parents separately. Controlling for theory-based covariates, outdoor home space was positively associated with children’s MVPA (p < .05) and parents’ MS (p < .05) but negatively associated with parents’ MVPA (p < .05). Indoor home space was negatively associated with parents’ MS (p < .05). No other significant findings emerged. Findings suggest indoor and outdoor home spaces may play unique roles in supporting PA and MS among parent–child dyads and should be investigated in more rigorous studies.

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Using 2 Versions of the Test of Gross Motor Development to Classify and Screen Young Children’s Motor Skills: A Comparison Study

Palmer,

McKheen,

Palmer

et al. 2024

Pediatric Exercise Science

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine comparability between 2 editions of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-second and TGMD-third edition) on (1) how children’s motor skills were categorized as average or below average, and (2) how children are screened for being at-risk for motor delay or with delayed motor skills. Methods: Participants were 226 children (Mage = 53.4 mo, 125 boys). All children completed full TGMD-2 and TGMD-3. Children were classified as average or above (>25th percentile) or below average (≤25th percentile) and, when applicable, as developmental delay (≤5th percentile) or at-risk for developmental delay (6–25th percentile). We compared children’s classifications across TGMD editions using percent agreement and chi-squared tests. Results: The TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 had moderate agreement when categorizing children as below average (72.2% for total skills, 76.0% for locomotor skills, and 73% for ball skills). The TGMD-3 was significantly more likely to categorize children’s motor skill performance as average or above (all P < .01). Conclusion: TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 similarly screen children who demonstrate below average skills (≤25th percentile), but not for specific skill level classifications, including above average, at-risk for delays, and delayed.

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Have the Fundamental Movement Skills of U.S. Children Changed?

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Associations of obesity, movement behaviors, and socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills in children: Results from the REACT project

Associations of obesity, movement behaviors, and socioeconomic status with fundamental movement skills in children: Results from the REACT project

Physical Activity and Motor Skills in Parent–Child Dyads: Associations With Indoor and Outdoor Home Space

Using 2 Versions of the Test of Gross Motor Development to Classify and Screen Young Children’s Motor Skills: A Comparison Study

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