Have We Vindicated the Motivational Unconscious Yet? A Conceptual Review

Billon, Alexandre

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00224

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The activation of motivational salience (i.e., the process that motivates behavior) through stimuli can occur unnoticed by the individual and lead to a behavioral response without reflection and/or intention (Ryan and Deci, 2000;Carver, 2009;Kruglanski et al, 2014;Berridge, 2018). Such motivationally unconscious states and processes are, we argue, essentially affective states and processes, as has also been pointed out by Billon (2011).…”

Section: Dual-process Modelssupporting

confidence: 55%

Functional Mechanisms of Health Behavior Change Techniques: A Conceptual Review

Michaelsen

Esch

2022

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundHealth behavior change is among the top recommendations for improving health of patients with lifestyle-related chronic diseases. An array of behavior change techniques (BCTs) have been developed to support behavior change initiation and maintenance. These BCTs often show limited success when they are not informed by theory, leading to a mismatch between the intention of the BCT and patients’ needs or expectations. Previous studies have identified a number of resources (domains) which patients may require to initiate and maintain health behavior change. Indeed, not yet well established is how BCTs address these resources, i.e., the functional mechanisms of BCTs.PurposeProvide a theoretical framework of the functional mechanisms of BCTs for developing and implementing successful interventions for health behavior change.MethodsConceptual review, including literature analysis and synthesis as well as conceptualization of a new model based on the synthesis.ResultsThrough the integration of dual-process models as well as reward and motivation proceeding, i.e., affective, emotional, or intuitive neurobiological cues, into the rational framework of rather linear cognitive or task-related decision progress, we categorize previously identified resources into three distinct sets: external, internal reflective, and internal affective resources. Based on this triad, we classify BCTs according to their functional mechanisms into facilitating (=providing external resources), boosting (=strengthening internal reflective resources), and nudging (=activating internal affective resources). Consequently, we present a simplified Behavior Change Resource Model (BCRM) that is centered on patients’ resources.ConclusionThe model can be applied to develop health behavior change interventions, which promote engagement and empowerment. Future studies should aim at testing the applicability and practicality of the BCRM.

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Section: Dual-process Modelssupporting

confidence: 55%

Functional Mechanisms of Health Behavior Change Techniques: A Conceptual Review

Michaelsen

Esch

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Even though such interpretations have recently enjoyed a modest revival in psychopathology (see e.g. Billon, ), I will not deal with them here.…”

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confidence: 99%

Making Sense of the Cotard Syndrome: Insights from the Study of Depersonalisation

Billon

2016

Mind & Language

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Patients suffering from the Cotard syndrome can deny being alive, having guts, thinking or even existing. They can also complain that the world or time have ceased to exist. In this paper, I argue that even though the leading neurocognitive accounts have difficulties meeting that task, we should, and we can, make sense of these bizarre delusions. To that effect, I draw on the close connection between the Cotard syndrome and a more common (and better studied) condition known as depersonalisation. Even though they are not delusional, depersonalised patients seem to have experiences that are quite similar to those of Cotard patients. I argue that these experiences are essentially characterised by a (more or less important) lack of subjective character and of two other structural features of experience, which I call 'the present character' and 'the actual character.' Cotard's nihilistic delusions simply consist in taking these anomalous experiences at face value.

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“…The distinction between motivated and nonmotivated impediments to reflective awareness is particularly important in cases of anosognosia, as well as demonstrating the complexity of addressing the clinical situation (see also Billon, 2011). One framework developed for understanding anosognosia is an extension of the two-factor theory of delusions (Davies, Davies, & Coltheart, 2005; McKay, Langdon, & Coltheart, 2005).…”

Section: Anosognosia: Motivated or Nonmotivated Impediments To Reflec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflective awareness, repression, and the cognitive unconscious.

Boag

2020

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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The importance of reflective awareness for clinical practice is generally well recognized across a variety of therapeutic approaches. Psychodynamic approaches traditionally also recognize that defense mechanisms provide major impediments to reflective awareness. Recently, however, the neuropsychoanalyst Mark Solms proposes that the dynamic unconscious can be understood in terms of the nondeclarative cognitive unconscious. One consequence of Solms’ proposal is that there is no possibility of lifting repression because nondeclarative content is simply incapable of becoming conscious. This paper addresses whether the dynamic unconscious can be sufficiently addressed by the cognitive unconscious. Cases of anosognosia (denial of illness) are discussed in the context of satisfactorily addressing the complexity of psychodynamic phenomena. This paper contends that while the cognitive unconscious provides an important addition to psychoanalytic thinking, the cognitive view does not adequately account for the dynamic unconscious. The paper proposes retaining the concept of the traditional dynamic unconscious and acknowledging the distinction between motivated and nonmotivated impediments to reflective awareness. Clinical implications of the conceptual distinction between motivated and nonmotivated impediments are further considered.

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Have We Vindicated the Motivational Unconscious Yet? A Conceptual Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Functional Mechanisms of Health Behavior Change Techniques: A Conceptual Review

Functional Mechanisms of Health Behavior Change Techniques: A Conceptual Review

Making Sense of the Cotard Syndrome: Insights from the Study of Depersonalisation

Reflective awareness, repression, and the cognitive unconscious.

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