“Having a non-normative body for me is about survival”: Androgynous body ideal among trans and nonbinary individuals

Galupo, M. Paz; Cusack, Claire E.; Morris, Ezra R.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.06.003

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, as a way to stop menstruation or the development of secondary sex characteristics 32,33 or to embody gendered body ideals of weight. 35 Our participants felt like the causes of their eating disorders were not the same as the 'stereotypical' straight and cis person with an eating disorder. Similarly, to the aforementioned literature, [32][33][34] our participants felt their concerns were about bringing their body into closer alignment with their actual gender or 'passing' to avoid social stigma, microaggressions and minority stresses 36,37 -sometimes both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often such behaviours are attempts to align bodies with a particular gender. For example, as a way to stop menstruation or the development of secondary sex characteristics 32,33 or to embody gendered body ideals of weight 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, some participants often felt that body positive interventions were incongruent with their experience and could lead to harm rather than help. The literature on eating disorders treatment has historically focused on highly gendered Eurocentric beauty ideals, namely slimness, low weight and low body fat, 35 and not gender dysphoria, social stigma, or other relevant concerns for gender diverse people. This focus on beauty ideals for white cis women is reflected in the care practices of traditional eating disorder programs, including sex‐based growth charts, weight formulas, caloric equations and body mass standards—all of which assume people fall either into categories of ‘male’ or ‘female’ and are heavily focused on weight to monitor health 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the influence of gender dysphoria in eating disorders among gender diverse individuals

Joy

White

Jones³

2022

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim: Eating concerns, disordered eating and eating disorders have been noted to negatively impact the health and wellbeing of sexual and gender diverse individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of gender diverse Canadians accessing treatment for eating disorders or disordered eating concerns to gain a deeper understanding of how dietitians and other health providers can provide gender affirming care. Methods: Seven self-identifying gender diverse participants were recruited and took part in semi-structured interviews. Most participants identified as white. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Four themes around gender dysphoria were constructed from the data, including gender dysphoria and eating disorders, barriers to accessing eating disorder treatments, harmful eating disorder treatment strategies and suggestions for eating disorder programmers and health professionals. Conclusion: Gender dysphoria considerations were believed to be lacking in traditional eating disorder treatment programs. Participants saw the need for more awareness and training in this area for dietitians and other health professionals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the influence of gender dysphoria in eating disorders among gender diverse individuals

Joy

White

Jones³

2022

Nutrition & Dietetics

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“…Body image dissatisfaction refers to the negative subjective appraisal of one’s appearance (Xu et al, 2010). Though EDs, disordered eating, and body image dissatisfaction may represent different latent constructs, they often present together, including in transgender individuals (Galupo et al, 2021; Romito et al, 2021). Importantly, rates of disordered eating are rising, and disordered eating and body image dissatisfaction are early indicators for EDs (Linardon et al, 2019; Mitchison et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ed Risk Factors: Disordered Eating and Body Image Dissatisfa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“I’m still not sure if the eating disorder is a result of gender dysphoria”: Trans and nonbinary individuals’ descriptions of their eating and body concerns in relation to their gender.

Cusack¹,

Iampieri²,

Galupo³

2022

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Conceptualizations of eating disorders (ED) have primarily been based on the experiences of cisgender women. Yet trans and nonbinary individuals (TNB) may be at greater risk than cisgender individuals to suffer from eating disorders, disordered eating, and body image concerns. The current study takes a phenomenological approach to explore how TNB individuals conceptualize eating and/or body image issues. Qualitative data were obtained from 82 TNB participants who self-reported eating and/or body image concerns. Primary analyses focused on participants’ responses to an open-ended prompt regarding how participants understand the relationships among gender identity, gender expression, and weight and shape control behaviors. Thematic analysis identified five themes: (a) gender dysphoria, (b) puberty, (c) emotion (dys)regulation, (d) gender expression, and (e) recovery/transition. Results indicate various factors salient to gender identity and expression and eating concerns. Findings extend beyond the traditional focus on gender dysphoria by highlighting other important factors for TNB individuals, such as the function ED psychopathology serves (e.g., gender avoidance and self-punishment). This broadens the ED field’s understanding of how gender dysphoria relates to ED psychopathology, rather than focusing solely on the physical body. Distress and associated behaviors related to both gender dysphoria and eating disorder psychopathology may be reciprocal and reinforcing and, as such, should be considered in tandem in treating TNB clients experiencing EDs and body image concerns. This work may better identify ED risk and maintenance within this population and thus optimize prevention and intervention.

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“…Negative body image in TNB has been shown to be associated with the inconsistency of their body with their gender identity. This relation is likely to be mediated by social experiences of (non)affirmation of their gender identity (Galupo et al, 2021; Testa et al, 2017). In general, experience of heteronormative discrimination is likely to be associated with ED across different types of LGBTIQ identities (Bell et al, 2019; Mason et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative study of gendered psychosocial processes in eating disorder development

Springmann

Svaldi

Kiegelmann

2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“Having a non-normative body for me is about survival”: Androgynous body ideal among trans and nonbinary individuals

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Exploring the influence of gender dysphoria in eating disorders among gender diverse individuals

Exploring the influence of gender dysphoria in eating disorders among gender diverse individuals

“I’m still not sure if the eating disorder is a result of gender dysphoria”: Trans and nonbinary individuals’ descriptions of their eating and body concerns in relation to their gender.

A qualitative study of gendered psychosocial processes in eating disorder development

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