Hawaii and Other Jurisdictions Ban Oxybenzone or Octinoxate Sunscreens Based on the Confirmed Adverse Environmental Effects of Sunscreen Ingredients on Aquatic Environments

Ouchene, Lydia; Litvinov, Ivan V.; Netchiporouk, Elena

doi:10.1177/1203475419871592

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that organic UV filters induce a virus proliferation which is the source of coral reef bleaching [8,9]. To protect its coral reefs, Hawaii has notably banned the use and sale of sunscreen products containing octinoxate on its territory, starting January 2021 [10]. Such a drastic decision could be taken by many other states in the coming years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2020

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In 2021, Hawaii will permanently ban the use and sale of octinoxate-based sunscreens as studies have shown serious impacts of such UV filters on the coral reef. This ban, which could be generalized to other countries, highlights the extreme need to offer alternative UV filters that are not only effective in terms of sun protection, but also healthy with regards to human health and the environment. In this context, a wide library of p-hydroxycinnamic esters deriving from naturally occurring sinapic acid has been synthesized using a Knoevenagel–Doebner condensation. The UV filtering activities as well as the antioxidant properties of these sinapic acid esters were then investigated. The results showed promising UVB protection and antioxidant efficacy. A Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) study on the sinapic acid esters highlighted the need of a free phenol to, as expected, observe antioxidant activity, but also to obtain a higher intensity of protection. Moreover, the nature of the ester moiety also proved to be a key structural feature for the UV absorbance, as higher steric hindrance on the ester moiety leads to more active compounds. The judicious structural design of sinapic esters thus provides promising compounds combining UV protection and antioxidant activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2020

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“…Thanks to this simple and sustainable methodology, we populated a library of 14 molecules presenting different conjugation systems (Scheme 3). All of the chemical structures were confirmed by 1 H-& 13 aldehydes for a more fundamental purpose (i.e., pyrroles). Through this straightforward and sustainable synthetic procedure, compounds are obtained in high purity and yield, similar to those described in the literature (49%-90%) [33].…”

Section: Sustainable Synthesismentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In order to offer renewable and bio-based products, we oriented our choice for aldehydes towards widely used p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (i.e., vanillin) and furanic compounds (i.e., furfural, obtained by dehydration of Thanks to this simple and sustainable methodology, we populated a library of 14 molecules presenting different conjugation systems (Scheme 3). All of the chemical structures were confirmed by 1 H-& 13 C-NMR, and HRMS analyses (see Supporting Information for spectra). Thanks to this simple and sustainable methodology, we populated a library of 14 molecules presenting different conjugation systems (Scheme 3).…”

Section: Sustainable Synthesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Sustainable Synthesismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Some contain organic filters (i.e., avobenzone, octinoxate, benzophenone, or octocrylene) that are increasingly criticized by consumers and countries due to their environmental impact [10][11][12]. Indeed, Hawaii recently issued a bill, effective on 1 January 2021, against the use and sale of sunscreen containing avobenzone or octinoxate [13]. These molecules have been the subject of many studies in the last few years to demonstrate their negative impact on corals [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovative Bio-Based Organic UV-A and Blue Light Filters from Meldrum’s Acid

et al. 2020

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Faced with the ban of some organic UV filters such as octinoxate or avobenzone, especially in Hawaii, it became essential to offer new alternatives that are both renewable and safe for humans and the environment. In this context, a class of bio-based molecules displaying interesting UV filter properties and great (photo)stability has been developed from Meldrum’s acid and bio-based and synthetic p-hydroxycinnamic acids, furans and pyrroles. Moreover, p-hydroxycinnamic acid-based Meldrum’s derivatives possess valuable secondary activities sought by the cosmetic industry such as antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties. The evaluation of the properties of mixture of judiciously chosen Meldrum’s acid derivatives highlighted the possibility to modulate secondary activity while maintaining excellent UV protection. Meldrum’s acid derivatives are not only competitive when benchmarked against organic filters currently on the market (i.e., avobenzone), but they also do not exhibit any endocrine disruption activity.

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Reducing the prevalence of chemical UV filters from sunscreen in aquatic environments: Regulatory, public awareness, and other considerations

Levine

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Given increasing concerns about the persistence and toxic effects of some sunscreen ingredients in aquatic ecosystems, several states, territories, and nations have banned the sale and/or possession of sunscreens containing chemicals of concern. Little is known, however, about the outcomes or effectiveness of these efforts to reduce the prevalence of toxic chemicals in coastal waters. This article reviews the state of knowledge relating to regulatory and other efforts to reduce the impact of chemical ingredients in sunscreens on aquatic ecosystems, focusing on the following questions: To what extent will local legislative restrictions on ingredients actually reduce the concentrations of chemicals in coastal waters and protect aquatic health? Do these legislative measures effectively decrease overall public use of sunscreens containing potentially harmful ingredients, or would other measures, such as local outreach programs, consumer education, or broad‐scale ingredient regulation, be more effective? How might restrictions on chemical UV filters impact human health? Although it is still early to assess the outcomes of recent ingredient bans, their effectiveness is limited by the fact that legislation generally applies only to sunscreens sold within the legislating jurisdiction. Public awareness campaigns can be locally effective, but they are hindered by the absence of clear environmental labeling standards for sunscreen. Although retail and industry groups, and many dermatologists, cite concerns that sunscreen ingredient bans might lead to increased incidences of skin cancer, consumer preferences are influenced by a wide range of factors and no studies clearly document whether restrictions on chemical ingredients will cause people to use sun protection less frequently or less effectively. Until more information is available, many consider it prudent to take a precautionary approach to sunscreen regulation supported by broad‐scale, consistent regulatory policies and labeling standards that limit chemical ingredients to those considered safe for human use and ecosystem health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:982–988. © 2021 SETAC

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Hawaii and Other Jurisdictions Ban Oxybenzone or Octinoxate Sunscreens Based on the Confirmed Adverse Environmental Effects of Sunscreen Ingredients on Aquatic Environments

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity

Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity

Innovative Bio-Based Organic UV-A and Blue Light Filters from Meldrum’s Acid

Reducing the prevalence of chemical UV filters from sunscreen in aquatic environments: Regulatory, public awareness, and other considerations

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