Hawk Occupancy of Disturbed Grasslands in Relation to Models of Habitat Selection

Schmutz, Josef K.

doi:10.2307/1368315

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Schmutz (1989a) reported an increasing relationship between ferruginous hawk breeding density and cultivation up to 30 percent; hawk density decreased at cultivation amounts greater than 30 percent. The explanation for avoidance of highly (>30 percent) cultivated areas is that prey densities or prey availability (through excellent concealment cover of many monotypic crops) may decrease as agriculture increases.…”

Section: Breeding Habitatmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although no range-wide data are available, the ferruginous hawk is thought to be declining in overall numbers (Evans 1980(Evans , 1982. The best documentation of declining breeding numbers is found in southern Saskatchewan (40 percent of historic range not occupied, another 40 percent sparsely occupied; Bechard 1984, Smith 1987), Alberta (40 percent decrease in distribution; Schmutz et al 1980, Schmutz 1984, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, 1989a, 1989b, Moore 1987, and Manitoba (100 percent decrease in distribution for a 57-year period; Bechard 1981, De Smet andConrad 1991). Reported percent declines in Canadian provinces should be viewed with caution because historical reports of ferruginous hawk distribution were anecdotal in nature.…”

Section: Population Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ferruginous hawks tend to avoid cultivated areas for nesting (Olendorff and Stoddart 1974, Blair 1978, Cottrell 1981, Gilmer and Stewart 1983, Schmutz 1984, 1989a, Bechard et al 1990, they can breed successfully in lightly to moderately (less than 10 to 30 percent) cultivated areas. Schmutz (1989a) reported an increasing relationship between ferruginous hawk breeding density and cultivation up to 30 percent; hawk density decreased at cultivation amounts greater than 30 percent.…”

Section: Breeding Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming habitat quality influences territoriality and therefore density of breeding pairs in Region 2, it also influences the number of nonbreeding individuals. If a given amount of habitat can only support a number of territories that is less than the number of potentially breeding individuals, there will be a surplus of potential breeders (Schmutz 1989a). Habitat quality, and therefore territory size, may vary annually.…”

Section: Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nesting Behavior, Provisioning Rates, and Parental Roles of Ferruginous Hawks in New Mexico

Keeley

Bechard²

2017

Journal of Raptor Research

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Section: Breeding Habitatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Population Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breeding Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nesting Behavior, Provisioning Rates, and Parental Roles of Ferruginous Hawks in New Mexico

Keeley

Bechard²

2017

Journal of Raptor Research

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“…Although Ferruginous Hawks prefer elevated nest sites, such as isolated trees or platforms, they occur in large tracts of open, generally arid habitats dominated by grasses or sagebrush (Bechard and Schmutz 1995). Schmutz (1989) showed that they were more abundant where levels of cultivation were low. Our results agree with these previous studies, as Ferruginous Hawks were found on reserves with the largest areas of native grassland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey for Federally Listed Grassland Birds at First Nations Reserves

Stevens

Wellicome

2005

Can Field Nat

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We surveyed native and non-native grassland for federally listed grassland bird species at Reserves and/or Treaty Land Entitlements (TLE) belonging to five First Nations in the prairie ecozone of Canada. Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis – of special concern), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus – threatened), and Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus – of special concern) were observed at five of 335, three of 361, and five of 329 survey points within their respective geographic ranges. Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii – threatened) was observed at 69 of 361 survey points and accounted for 84% of sites with listed birds. Estimates of proportions of native and non-native grassland within 400 m of survey points indicated that Sprague’s Pipit preferred native grassland. Despite special effort, the Burrowing Owl (Athene culicularia – endangered) was not observed, although a nest from a previous year was encountered. We recorded the greatest number of species and individuals on reserves located in mixed and moist-mixed grasslands that contained large portions of native grassland. In many instances, field assessments revealed unsuitable habitat at sites that remote-sensing data classified as suitable.

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Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival ofButeohawks

Kolar

Bechard

2016

J Wildl Manag

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Quantifying the rate of turbine collision mortality for raptors has been the primary focus of research at wind energy projects in Europe and the United States. Breeding adults and fledglings may be especially prone to collisions, but few studies have assessed the consequences of increased mortality and indirect effects from this type of development activity on reproduction. We examined the influence of wind turbines and other factors on nest success and survival of radio‐marked juveniles during the post‐fledging period for 3 sympatric breeding Buteo species in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion (CPE), Oregon, USA. Nest success for ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) decreased as the number of wind turbines within the home range buffer (32 km2) increased. There was no effect of turbines on nest success for red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) or Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni). Of 60 nestlings radio‐marked from all 3 species, we found no evidence that any were killed as a result of collisions with wind turbines after fledging. This was likely due, in part, to the limited size of the natal home range and the relatively short duration of the post‐fledging period. However, juveniles of all 3 species hatched from nests in areas of greater turbine density were more likely to die from predation or starvation just after fledging and prior to becoming independent compared to those in areas of lower turbine density. Taken together, these results suggest that wind turbines affected reproductive efforts by all 3 species to some degree, but these effects were greater for ferruginous hawks compared to the other 2 congeneric species. The causes of this negative association are unknown but likely represent some combination of breeding adults being killed from turbine collisions, disturbed from activities associated with the increasing wind energy development in the area, or displaced from portions of their home range to minimize the risk of disturbance or death. The potential for these effects necessitate that planning of future wind energy facilities be considered at larger geographic scales beyond the placement of individual turbines to limit development near raptor breeding areas. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.

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Hawk Occupancy of Disturbed Grasslands in Relation to Models of Habitat Selection

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Nesting Behavior, Provisioning Rates, and Parental Roles of Ferruginous Hawks in New Mexico

Nesting Behavior, Provisioning Rates, and Parental Roles of Ferruginous Hawks in New Mexico

A Survey for Federally Listed Grassland Birds at First Nations Reserves

Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival ofButeohawks

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