Hazard Assessment of Combustion Gases from Interior Materials

Seo, Hyun Jeong; Son, Dong Won

doi:10.7731/kifse.2015.29.4.049

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, according to previous studies, when the toxicity index limit is applied to housing, if the toxicity index is greater than 1.5, the risk of injury or disability from a fire is higher in humans that are exposed to that environment for more than 30 min (Chauhanm et al 2012;Seo and Son 2015). Overall, the toxicity index results demonstrated that the FRCs developed in this study had a low risk for indoor use.…”

Section: Toxicity Index Of the Combustion Gasesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The pyrolysis characteristics of untreated pine and fire retardant-treated pine (Pinus densiflora) were measured by using thermogravimetric analysis according to the ASTM E1131-08 (2012) regulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in chemical groups of fire-retardant treated specimens before and after the combustion test. In addition, the microstructures of the untreated specimen and the fire-retardant treated specimen after cone calorimeter testing were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Combustion gas toxicity was evaluated according to the test method described in Naval Engineering Standard 713 (1990). The emitted combustion gases of all specimens were carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and acrylonitrile. The thermal decomposition rate was reduced by about one-third that of the fire-retardant treated specimen compared to the reduction rate of the untreated specimen. These results are useful for guiding the safe utilization of fire retardant-treated wood and wood-based materials for building applications.

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Section: Toxicity Index Of the Combustion Gasesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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“…These ignition times were shorter than the average ignition time of wood and wood-based panels (9 to 50 s), including particle board (PB), high-density fiberboard (HDF), plywood, and laminated flooring (Lee et al 2011). In addition, fire-retardant treated wood-based panels have shown an ignition time of around 65 to 85 s (Seo et al 2015). For wood and wood-based panels, when heat is applied to the object, thermal decomposition progresses step by step as the temperature increases due to the applied heat.…”

Section: Burning Features Of the Wood-fiber Insulation Boardmentioning

confidence: 93%

Combustibility and characteristics of wood-fiber insulation boards prepared with four different adhesives

Lee

Kang

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Wood-fiber insulation boards can be utilized as a core construction material. They provide a comfortable and safe residential space and reduce energy consumption because of the ecofriendly nature and high heat insulation. In this study, wood-fiber insulation boards were prepared with different types of adhesive (melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), emulsifiable 4,4’ methylene diisocyanate (eMDI), and latex resins), and the physical and heat insulation properties, toxic chemical emissions, and combustion characteristics were analyzed. The different adhesive types had no major effects on the insulation. With regard to the toxic emissions, all wood-fiber insulation boards showed the best rating possible except for the PF resin. In the cone-calorimeter test, the wood-fiber insulation board prepared with MUF showed a lower total heat release, mean heat release rate, smoke release, and CO and CO2 yields than the other samples because of the early formation of the carbonized layer. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the MUF adhesive is the best choice for wood-fiber insulation boards.

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“…A particular problem is the extensive introduction of various types of artificial materials in buildings, including dwellings, since the 1950s. Different plastic materials with the potential to emit highly toxic gases are present in many interior products and finishes (Seo and Son 2015). Energetic petroleum-based polyurethane foam has largely replaced natural materials in furniture upholstery.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision Zero on Fire Safety

Andersson

Gell

2022

The Vision Zero Handbook

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Since 2010, Sweden has a Vision Zero policy on fire safety: no one should die or be seriously injured as a result of fire. Compared to the traffic safety model, however, the preconditions for successful implementation appear more immature and less convincing in the fire area. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate, using the Vision Zero policy on fire safety as an example, how a Vision Zero initiative in a new area, where the conditions for governance may differ significantly from the area of inspiration, can be dealt with as a dynamic process to gradually establish credibility and effectiveness.Globally, fire is a significant cause of death and injury. The general trend is toward a slow decline, especially among middle-income and high-income countries. The decline may be due to successful fire safety efforts, but also to other conditions affecting it indirectly. Both risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors determine fire safety. Risk increasing factors include an ageing population, an increasing diversity of possible ignition sources, and a change in the composition and amount of combustible materials present in our homes. The risk-reducing factors include generally favorable socioeconomic and technological developments, including concrete societal actions directed against fire risks such as the promotion of smoke detectors and sprinkler systems.Fire safety is one of the oldest documented examples of societal risk management. City planning and construction were early influenced by fire safety considerations, while in contrast, the legal responsibility for residential fire safety has largely remained a private and individual matter. The situation is similar to the one that for long prevailed in the traffic sector, that is, the primary responsibility rests with the system’s users, not with its designers.The launch of the Vision Zero on fire safety in 2010 represented a clear boost in ambition. Along with the vision, a strategy intended to guide the work toward the visionary goal was also presented. The strategy included four items: information, technical solutions, local collaboration, and evaluation/research. Several actions were taken in line with the strategy, including a significant research effort and the development of a set of indicators to monitor progress.Ten years later, the research effort has brought new knowledge that puts previous perceptions into partly new light. The notion that survival depends on the individual’s personal capacities is strengthened. Adverse outcomes such as death and serious injury appear mainly linked to specific vulnerabilities of certain groups for medical and social reasons. Most fires are handled by the residents themselves without injuries and without assistance from Rescue Services; on the other hand, even minor fires can be fatal for vulnerable residents. This turns the problem framing toward social aspects rather than technical, since broad groups of residents lack the capacities needed, conflicting with the prevailing view that the individual should bear the primary responsibility.Other findings relate to the proven inefficiency of certain measures for groups at elevated risk and the need for re-thinking and innovations to meet the challenges ahead. This includes extended inter-sectoral collaboration on a broader spectrum of residential risks besides fire, threatening the same groups for similar social and medical reasons.This updated state of knowledge is now being used as a basis for renewing current national fire safety strategies. With reference to general principles of systems control, this chapter will discuss obstacles and challenges to establish a more robust and systematic national control of the fire problem in line with the Vision Zero policy. The appropriateness of launching Vision Zero policies in fields that are not yet ripe for systematic governance is also discussed. It is concluded that a Vision Zero initiative can still be meaningful and successfully pursued, provided that limitations in the ability to influence crucial elements in the system are openly identified and systematically addressed in a process in which strategical and policy developments interact with research and innovation.

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Hazard Assessment of Combustion Gases from Interior Materials

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Combustibility and characteristics of wood-fiber insulation boards prepared with four different adhesives

Vision Zero on Fire Safety

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