Hazard Detection Methods for Lunar Landing

Brady, Tye; Robertson, Edward A.; Epp, Chirold; Paschall, Stephen; Zimpfer, Doug

doi:10.1109/aero.2009.4839354

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rock abundance and crater density are important engineering considerations when selecting suitable landing sites for robotic landing missions, so as to avoid hazards during touchdown and ensure better maneuverability of robotic vehicles (Rosa et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2014). Crater rims and internal slopes can be hazardous for landing too (Brady et al, 2009;Huertas et al, 2006). Crater rims and internal slopes can be hazardous for landing too (Brady et al, 2009;Huertas et al, 2006).…”

Section: 1029/2018je005820mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, one criterion for selecting the landing site for the ExoMars mission is that the rock abundance be less than 7% (Pajola et al, 2017). Crater rims and internal slopes can be hazardous for landing too (Brady et al, 2009;Huertas et al, 2006). Therefore, this study presents a joint analysis of rock abundance and crater density to identify local areas inside the candidate landing region that are unfavorable for safe landing.…”

Section: 1029/2018je005820mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial distribution and density of craters are critical factors in landing site selection (Brady et al, 2009;Golombek et al, 2017;Huertas et al, 2006;Serrano & Seraji, 2007). Craters are regarded as hazardous features in landing site assessment, due to the morphological characteristics of the internal slopes and protuberant crater rims.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Craters are regarded as hazardous features in landing site assessment, due to the morphological characteristics of the internal slopes and protuberant crater rims. The spatial distribution and density of craters are critical factors in landing site selection (Brady et al, 2009;Golombek et al, 2017;Huertas et al, 2006;Serrano & Seraji, 2007). In addition, the SFD of craters provides useful information for inferring surface ages.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rock Abundance and Crater Density in the Candidate Chang'E‐5 Landing Region on the Moon

Huang

et al. 2018

JGR Planets

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Chang'E‐5 is China's first lunar sample‐return mission, which will be launched in 2019. Understanding the distribution of rocks and craters in the candidate landing region is important for selecting suitable landing sites and studying the surface geology. This paper first separately investigates rock abundance and crater density in the candidate landing region, then provides a joint analysis of them, for the purposes of identifying potential hazards for safe landing and their geological implications. The results indicate that in the region, rocks are mostly concentrated around rocky ejecta craters. About 90% of the region has a rock abundance (the fractional area covered by rocks) of less than 1%. The average crater density is about 250 craters (≥ 100 m in diameter) per 100 km2; on average, 13.5% of the region is covered by craters. The surface ages of geologic units in the region estimated using crater size‐frequency distribution indicate that the eastern part of the region is younger than the western part. The joint analysis of rock abundance and crater density identifies local areas that are relatively unfavorable for safe landing. The joint analysis also indicates an exponential relationship between overall rock abundance and crater density, and a roughly linear relationship between overall rock abundance and surface age. Furthermore, the joint analysis indicates an inverse correlation between rock abundance and the relative maturation of craters. The presented research and results will be helpful for identifying suitable landing sites for the Chang'E‐5 lander. They also provide fresh insights into lunar surface geology.

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Section: 1029/2018je005820mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1029/2018je005820mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Rock Abundance and Crater Density in the Candidate Chang'E‐5 Landing Region on the Moon

Huang

et al. 2018

JGR Planets

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“…However, the lunar surface, where it is consistently illuminated, can be a very e↵ective environment for vision-based techniques due to high-contrast lighting and the lack of atmospheric distortion. 2 The view of the hazard objects, and consequently the hazard information available in a given image is dependent on the pose of the camera, and hence the spacecraft. Therefore, by carefully selecting the sequence of spacecraft poses during decent, that is, the trajectory, it is possible to improve the quality and quantity of information collected during imaging and thereby improve the hazard map created for landing site retargeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Trajectory on Accuracy of Hazard Estimation During Lunar Landing

Crane

Rock

2012

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

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The feasibility of improving the performance of an on-line hazard estimation system by modifying the descent trajectory during lunar landing is demonstrated. A previously developed technique for inferring the size of rocks based on the measured size of their shadows is the primary hazard information source which feeds an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for recursive estimation of discrete hazard objects through the course of the landing. A dense, probabilistic hazard map of the landing zone is created by using the output of the EKF. An overview is given of the algorithmic steps required to extract hazard information from images, estimate the hazard and spacecraft state in the EKF, and create the hazard probability map. Results from a comparison of two trajectories over simulated terrain is given to show that a change in trajectory can produce a reduction in hazard map uncertainty. As a consequence of lower map uncertainty, a greater fraction of the landing zone can be identified as clear of hazards and so potentially suitable for touchdown.

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Reliability of safety‐critical systems: A state‐of‐the‐art review

Maurya

Kumar

2020

Quality & Reliability Eng

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Safety-critical systems are designed to prevent catastrophic consequences from failure, such as injury or death to humans and environmental damage. These must be carefully designed to ensure reliability requirements. The purpose of this paper is to identify the number of models in the reliability analysis of safety-critical systems. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic review of 40 shortlisted studies. The selected studies are classified based on various techniques used in safety-critical systems. This paper summarizes the literature review in the field of reliability of safety-critical systems. The limitations of the literature are exquisitely represented. The international safety norms and applications of safety-critical systems are discussed systematically in this paper. This paper emerges research trends, research challenges and insights of the researcher for future research direction in the area of safety-critical systems.

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Hazard Detection Methods for Lunar Landing

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Rock Abundance and Crater Density in the Candidate Chang'E‐5 Landing Region on the Moon

Rock Abundance and Crater Density in the Candidate Chang'E‐5 Landing Region on the Moon

Influence of Trajectory on Accuracy of Hazard Estimation During Lunar Landing

Reliability of safety‐critical systems: A state‐of‐the‐art review

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