Hazard, ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust in Dezful, Iran

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potentially toxic metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, V, As, and Co) hazard in street dust from Dezful, Iran. For this purpose, we collected 30 samples of street dust from the main pedestrian sidewalks of Dezful. Subsequent heavy metal concentration data for these samples was evaluated using human health risk and potential ecological risk index (RI) assessments.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam

“…The value of the Pb concentration in street dust (52.2 mg/kg) was similar to the values reported by previous studies from Dezful, Iran (54 mg/kg) [16], Abu Dhabi-Al Ain National highway, UAE (50.1 mg/kg) [11], and Beijing, China (62.3 mg/kg) [5]. On the other hand, higher levels of Pb were also found in other studies, for instance, in Nanchang, China (89.5 mg/kg) [4], Xi'an, China (94.5 mg/kg) [3], Jinhua, China (110.6 mg/kg) [6], and Tianjin, China (120.7 mg/kg) [13].…”

“…The highest Cr concentration was obtained in sample D4 (123.6 mg/kg), while the lowest value was observed in sample D2 (51.3 mg/kg). These values were higher than those previously reported from Asaluyeh County, Iran (37.3 mg/kg) [17], the Lagos metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria (41.3 mg/kg) [53], and Dezful, Iran (44 mg/kg) [16].…”

“…The mean value of the Cu concentration was higher than those previously reported from various sites worldwide. For instance, Cu concentrations of 51, 54.8, 64.9, 97.4, and 133.7 mg/kg were determined in street dust from Dezful, Iran [16], Xi'an China [3], Highway No. 5, Vietnam [28], Beijing, China [5], and Jinhua, China [6], respectively.…”

“…Most of these studies focused mainly on six to eight metals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Some studies extended the list to more than eight metals [13][14][15][16][17]. The results showed that the concentration of metals fluctuates widely up to 8430 mg/kg [6].…”

Assessment of Human Health Risk and Surface Soil Contamination by Some Toxic Elements in Arak City, Iran

“…The results revealed that the mean concentration of all studied PTEs in the study area was higher than the local baseline, Upper Continental Crust (UCC), world soil, Canadian, Dutch, and Chinese soil quality guidelines. However, this finding suggests the anthropogenic source of the PTEs, such as vehicle traffic emissions, industrial inputs, construction, and steel industry [22,23]. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov results showed that the concentration of the studied PTEs had a nonnormal distribution behavior (Sig.…”