Hazard of Thermal Radiation from a Hot Smoke Layer in Enclosures to an Evacuee

Wong, Ling Tim

doi:10.1177/0734904105044673

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When a resulting number exceeds the standard value, the relevant spot is determined as a dangerous zone. Then, the time difference between the starting point of the simulation and the point of the danger-zone determination is considered as the ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) [8,9].…”

Section: A Fire-simulative Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Safety Evaluation of Urban Buildings

2019

IJRTE

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 Abstract: As buildings have been getting taller and incorporating more intelligent designs due to industry development and population growth, property damage and the numbers of casualties resulting from fires are increasing, which requires safety evaluations that involve engineering analysis methods. This study analyzes the use of safety measures against fire hazards, by conducting fire simulations to calculate the visibility range and radiant/convective heat in CO/CO2/smoke, and by performing evacuation simulations to analyze the ASET(Available Safety Egress Time)/RSET(Required Safety Egress Time). From the results of the fire/evacuation simulations, it is possible to estimate the impacts that fire hazards (e.g. toxic gases and temperatures) can have on the occupants' safety, to examine the feasibility of the evacuation/fireproof equipment in buildings for unspecified individuals, and to establish an optimized evacuation plan to minimize damage or loss of life. It is expected that fire simulations will enable the following activities: risk impact evaluation analyses, laboratory safety inspections, establishment of safety assessments for construction works, and future continuous research studies linked to super high-rise buildings.

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Section: A Fire-simulative Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Safety Evaluation of Urban Buildings

2019

IJRTE

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“…12 In this study, skin temperature on the head of a thermal manikin at an incident radiant heat flux was measured and used to verify the validity of a thermal radiation model in skin layer temperature prediction under some fire environments. 9 In particular, calculations were used to estimate the temperature rise at the head portion of the thermal manikin due to a heated metal plate and compared with the measured temperature on the manikin skin layer. The study showed that these calculations would reasonably estimate the skin layer temperature of a human head and the methods could be used to evaluate the thermal hazards to a human object due to thermal radiation in some fire environments.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental verification of a thermal radiation model for humanskin heat exposure

Wong¹,

Hui

2006

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Skin pain and burns at an elevated skin layer temperature due to incident heat flux could be used to evaluate thermal hazards for some enclosed fire environments and mathematical expressions were proposed in literature for fire safety evaluations. In this work, a mathematical model for determining the skin layer temperature due to incident radiant heat flux is examined with experimental verification. Heat balance on the skin layer due to the heat flux and conductive heat transfer through it is considered. Specifically, the skin layer temperature at the head portion of an artificial thermal manikin was measured at certain incident radiant heat flux and compared with that calculated from the mathematical model. The results showed that the predictions were slightly higher than the measured values and the mathematical model would be useful in hazard assessment for some fire environments involving exposure of humans to a thermal radiation. Practical application: This paper presents the temperature measurement at a depth of 0.1 mm under the skin of an artificial thermal manikin’s head portion exposed to a vertical heated surface of 699 K in two orientations: facing and sideways to the surface. The result could be a useful source of information for the verification of any classical radiation model application to fire safety designs regarding heat exposure of the head portion of a person to heated surfaces.

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“…5 Safety in fire state of old buildings is currently a main concern because of the incidence of a number of fires in old buildings in the past years. 6–9 In addition, fire safety engineering represents the use of scientific and engineering rules, facts, basics, tents and expert opinion based on an insight on the phenomena, and the impacts of fire and of human reaction to fire in order to protect people, property, and the environment from the harsh effects of fires. 10 The misuse of buildings, insufficiency of suitable maintenance of fire service domains, lack of necessary building equipment, damaged doors, and inappropriateness of escape and emergency exits lead to deadly fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing safety level and recognizing flaws of commercial centers through data mining approach

Haeri

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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The construction industry, including buildings and commercial centers, is a dynamic industry with diverse and complex nature, which makes its safety provision difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety status of commercial centers and their classification based on common features; and to uncover the hidden relationships between characteristics of the commercial centers under study by means of data mining techniques. Data required for this study were collected based on a 75-item checklist designed for this study. Indeed, this study included 108 commercial centers. Thereafter, the commercial centers under study were divided into three categories, labeled unsafe, normal, and safe by means of K-means algorithm. The results obtained from the implementation of classification method showed that the two resources, namely, fire protection systems and buildings, played a critical role in the safety of studied commercial centers. The results of in-depth analysis on unsafe commercial centers indicated that these centers have common weaknesses. These weak areas include such items as deficiency of the standards required for the equipment associated with some resources, insufficient training in the use of firefighting equipment, the necessity of the employment of redundant approaches for exit from the building in emergency conditions, and non-feasibility of conducting of operations for firefighting vehicles and lifts. Urban planners and managers and safety officials of the buildings, particularly commercial centers, can apply the results of this study as strategic guidelines.

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Hazard of Thermal Radiation from a Hot Smoke Layer in Enclosures to an Evacuee

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Fire Safety Evaluation of Urban Buildings

Fire Safety Evaluation of Urban Buildings

Experimental verification of a thermal radiation model for humanskin heat exposure

Analyzing safety level and recognizing flaws of commercial centers through data mining approach

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