Hazardous Emissions from Combustion of Biomass

Demirbas, M. Fatih; Demirbas, T.

doi:10.1080/15567030802466953

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Potassium and silicon concentrations were high in the dry season in every sampling site, especially at the SP site. Both of them were ash elements that were emitted from biomass burning (Demirbas et al, 2008). The result was very well in agreement with the dissolved ion content mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Ionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…They involve 6 major elements (C, Cl, H, N, O and S) in the organic phase and at least 10 other elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Sr and Ti) in the inorganic phase called ash elements, which is important to ash characterization. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se) in both phases of biomass are trace levels (Demirbas et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

PM10 and Its Chemical Composition: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Chantara¹

2012

Air Quality - Monitoring and Modeling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Ionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM10 and Its Chemical Composition: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Chantara¹

2012

Air Quality - Monitoring and Modeling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Emissions include greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and ni-trous oxide (N 2 O); carcinogens such as formaldehyde and benzene, and other components potentially harmful to human health including particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) (Crutzen and Andreae, 1990;Hegg et al, 1990;Andreae and Merlet, 2001;Demirbas and Demirbas, 2009;Estrellan and Iino, 2010;Roberts et al, 2010Roberts et al, , 2011Sommers et al, 2014). The co-emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) and reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs, also known as non-methane organic compounds) from combustion of biomass may degrade local and regional air quality by the photochemical formation of tropospheric ozone (O 3 ), a hazardous air pollutant, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Alvarado et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from fuels common in the US

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A comprehensive suite of instruments was used to quantify the emissions of over 200 organic gases, including methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 9 inorganic gases from 56 laboratory burns of 18 different biomass fuel types common in the southeastern, southwestern, or northern US. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument provided extensive chemical detail of discrete air samples collected during a laboratory burn and was complemented by real-time measurements of organic and inorganic species via an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) instrument and three different chemical ionization-mass spectrometers. These measurements were conducted in February 2009 at the US Department of Agriculture's Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana and were used as the basis for a number of emission factors reported by Yokelson et al. (2013). The relative magnitude and composition of the gases emitted varied by individual fuel type and, more broadly, by the three geographic fuel regions being simulated. Discrete emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide (CO) were used to characterize the composition of gases emitted by mass; reactivity with the hydroxyl radical, OH; and potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors for the 3 different US fuel regions presented here. VOCs contributed less than 0.78 % ± 0.12 % of emissions by mole and less than 0.95 % × 0.07 % of emissions by mass (on average) due to the predominance of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , and NO x emissions; however, VOCs contributed 70-90 (±16) % to OH reactivity and were the only measured gas-phase source of SOA precursors from combustion of biomass. Over 82 % of the VOC emissions by mole were unsaturated compounds including highly reactive alkenes and aromatics and photolabile oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) such as formaldehyde. OVOCs contributed 57-68 % of the VOC mass emitted, 41-54 % of VOC-OH reactivity, and aromaticOVOCs such as benzenediols, phenols, and benzaldehyde were the dominant potential SOA precursors. In addition, ambient air measurements of emissions from the Fourmile Canyon Fire that affected Boulder, Colorado in September 2010 allowed us to investigate biomass burning (BB) emissions in the presence of other VOC sources (i.e., urban and biogenic emissions) and identify several promising BB markers including benzofuran, 2-furaldehyde, 2-methylfuran, furan, and benzonitrile.

show abstract

“…It can be transformed into a variety of renewable energy products such as electricity, heat, and fuels, and even into petrochemical feedstocks. In all cases, it not only enhances fuel diversification but also reduces acidic pollutants and air toxics as compared to fossil fuels like coal [2,3]. Biomass residues generally contain organic compounds (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), minerals, and moisture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of holding time on fuel properties of biochars prepared from the torrefaction of coffee residue

Liu

Tsai

et al. 2014

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decomposition reactions during torrefaction start at 563 K, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as determined by pretests. Based on these findings, different biochars were produced by torrefaction at 563 K, combined with increasing holding times (10-40 min). The fuel properties of biochar products were investigated by means of calorific value, ultimate analysis, true density, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximal increase in the calorific value of biochar occurred at about 20 min, which correlated positively with its carbon contents. More consistently, the true densities of the resulting biochar end products increased mostly within the holding time ranging from 10 to 20 min, which we proposed as the best process window for torrefaction of coffee residue. At longer holding time (>20 min), we observed a shrinking of biochar by SEM, making it more friable or brittle. It may involve more hemicellulose depolymerization, leading to a porous and corrugated structure.

show abstract

Hazardous Emissions from Combustion of Biomass

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

PM10 and Its Chemical Composition: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

PM10 and Its Chemical Composition: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from fuels common in the US

Effect of holding time on fuel properties of biochars prepared from the torrefaction of coffee residue

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About