Hazards in Karst and Managing Water Resources Quality

Parise, Mario; Ravbar, Nataša; Živanović, Vladimir; Mikszewski, Alex; Krešić, Neven; Mádl-Szőnyi, Judit; Kukurić, Neno

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12850-4_17

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Groundwater flooding, i.e. when groundwater levels emerge at the ground surface due to intense rainfall (Macdonald et al, 2008), tend to be more severe in areas of permeable outcrop like the English Chalk (Macdonald et al, 2012) as also experienced repeatedly in other karst areas in Europe (Parise, 2003(Parise, , 2010Bonacci et al, 2006;Jourde et al, 2007;Gutiérrez, 2010;Naughton et al, 2012;Parise et al, 2015). Groundwater drought indices tend to be more related to recharge conditions in Cretaceous Chalk aquifers than in granular aquifers (Bloomfield and Marchant, 2013).…”

Section: S Brenner Et Al: Process-based Chalk Groundwater Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-based modelling to evaluate simulated groundwater levels and frequencies in a Chalk catchment in south-western England

Brenner

Coxon

Howden

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Chalk aquifers are an important source of drinking water in the UK. Due to their properties, they are particularly vulnerable to groundwater-related hazards like floods and droughts. Understanding and predicting groundwater levels is therefore important for effective and safe water management. Chalk is known for its high porosity and, due to its dissolvability, exposed to karstification and strong subsurface heterogeneity. To cope with the karstic heterogeneity and limited data availability, specialised modelling approaches are required that balance model complexity and data availability. In this study, we present a novel approach to evaluate simulated groundwater level frequencies derived from a semi-distributed karst model that represents subsurface heterogeneity by distribution functions. Simulated groundwater storages are transferred into groundwater levels using evidence from different observations wells. Using a percentile approach we can assess the number of days exceeding or falling below selected groundwater level percentiles. Firstly, we evaluate the performance of the model when simulating groundwater level time series using a spilt sample test and parameter identifiability analysis. Secondly, we apply a split sample test to the simulated groundwater level percentiles to explore the performance in predicting groundwater level exceedances. We show that the model provides robust simulations of discharge and groundwater levels at three observation wells at a test site in a chalk-dominated catchment in south-western England. The second split sample test also indicates that the percentile approach is able to reliably predict groundwater level exceedances across all considered timescales up to their 75th percentile. However, when looking at the 90th percentile, it only provides acceptable predictions for long time periods and it fails when the 95th percentile of groundwater exceedance levels is considered. By modifying the historic forcings of our model according to expected future climate changes, we create simple climate scenarios and we show that the projected climate changes may lead to generally lower groundwater levels and a reduction of exceedances of high groundwater level percentiles.

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Section: S Brenner Et Al: Process-based Chalk Groundwater Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-based modelling to evaluate simulated groundwater levels and frequencies in a Chalk catchment in south-western England

Brenner

Coxon

Howden

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Taking into account the different types of hazards linked to karst processes (Gutiérrez et al, 2014;Parise et al, 2015), sinkholes are definitely very typical for evaporite rocks, especially in consideration of the very rapid lithological dissolution/erosion (0.70 ± 0.17 mm/y) (Cucchi et al, 1998). In addition to the natural processes, sinkholes originated, or indirectly induced, by human activities (anthropogenic sinkholes; Parise, 2015), should also be considered.…”

Section: Hazards In Gypsum Karstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporite karst in Italy: a review

Waele¹,

Piccini²,

Columbu³

et al. 2017

IJS

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Abstract:Although outcropping rarely in Italy, evaporite (gypsum and anhydrite) karst has been described in detail since the early 20 th century. Gypsum caves are now known from almost all Italian regions, but are mainly localised along the northern border of the Apennine chain (Emilia Romagna and Marche), Calabria, and Sicily, where the major outcrops occur. Recently, important caves have also been discovered in the underground gypsum mines in Piedmont. During the late 80s and 90s several multidisciplinary studies were carried out in many gypsum areas, resulting in a comprehensive overview, promoting further research in these special karst regions. More recent and detailed studies focused on the gypsum areas of Emilia-Romagna and Sicily. Sinkholes related to Permian-Triassic gypsum have been studied in Friuli Venezia Giulia. This article reviews the state of the art regarding different aspects of evaporite karst in Italy focusing on the main new results.

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“…Further, karst aquifers have very poor retention capacity. These and other characteristics allow the flash floods to be identified as one of the main hazards in karst terrains (Fleury et al, 2013;Gutierrez et al, 2014;Parise et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate information on the time or period of occurrence of the sinkholes is not available, and even the simple detection of the sinkholes was hampered by their small size and the remote location of the events. However, sinkholes represent a subtle and serious hazard in the promontory and in other karst areas (Parise and Gunn, 2007;Gutierrez et al, 2014;Parise et al, 2015), and establishing methods and procedures for their possible forecasting is of primary interest in karst environments. Based on the analysis of the 1-6 September 2014 Gargano rainfall period, we confirm that in the promontory, and in similar karst areas, torrential rainfall can trigger sinkholes, and we hypothesise that approaches based on the near-real-time monitoring of rainfall (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides, floods and sinkholes in a karst environment: the 1–6 September 2014 Gargano event, southern Italy

Martinotti

Pisano

Marchesini

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In karst environments, heavy rainfall is known to cause multiple geohydrological hazards, including inundations, flash floods, landslides and sinkholes. We studied a period of intense rainfall from 1 to 6 September 2014 in the Gargano Promontory, a karst area in Puglia, southern Italy. In the period, a sequence of torrential rainfall events caused severe damage and claimed two fatalities. The amount and accuracy of the geographical and temporal information varied for the different hazards. The temporal information was most accurate for the inundation caused by a major river, less accurate for flash floods caused by minor torrents and even less accurate for landslides. For sinkholes, only generic information on the period of occurrence of the failures was available. Our analysis revealed that in the promontory, rainfall-driven hazards occurred in response to extreme meteorological conditions and that the karst landscape responded to the torrential rainfall with a threshold behaviour. We exploited the rainfall and the landslide information to design the new ensemble–non-exceedance probability (E-NEP) algorithm for the quantitative evaluation of the possible occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides and of related geohydrological hazards. The ensemble of the metrics produced by the E-NEP algorithm provided better diagnostics than the single metrics often used for landslide forecasting, including rainfall duration, cumulated rainfall and rainfall intensity. We expect that the E-NEP algorithm will be useful for landslide early warning in karst areas and in other similar environments. We acknowledge that further tests are needed to evaluate the algorithm in different meteorological, geological and physiographical settings.

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Hazards in Karst and Managing Water Resources Quality

Cited by 75 publications

References 91 publications

Process-based modelling to evaluate simulated groundwater levels and frequencies in a Chalk catchment in south-western England

Process-based modelling to evaluate simulated groundwater levels and frequencies in a Chalk catchment in south-western England

Evaporite karst in Italy: a review

Landslides, floods and sinkholes in a karst environment: the 1–6 September 2014 Gargano event, southern Italy

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