Hazards of plutonium with special reference to the skeleton

Spiers, F. W.; Vaughan, Janet

doi:10.1038/259531a0

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…If it reaches humans, Pu poses a serious health hazard due to its radiological and chemical toxicity. 4 Additional health hazards arise when Pu exists in the environment in the form of nanoparticles, owing to their ability to migrate relatively long distances and to penetrate cells and organs. Pu nanoparticles have significantly high surface reactivity (more Pu molecules per unit surface area) due to the high surface-to-volume ratios, and high localized concentrations of Pu.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion Stability and Electrokinetic Properties of Intrinsic Plutonium Colloids: Implications for Subsurface Transport

Abdel‐Fattah

Zhou

Boukhalfa

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Subsurface transport of plutonium (Pu) may be facilitated by the formation of intrinsic Pu colloids. While this colloid-facilitated transport is largely governed by the electrokinetic properties and dispersion stability (resistance to aggregation) of the colloids, reported experimental data is scarce. Here, we quantify the dependence of ζ-potential of intrinsic Pu(IV) colloids on pH and their aggregation rate on ionic strength. Results indicate an isoelectric point of pH 8.6 and a critical coagulation concentration of 0.1 M of 1:1 electrolyte at pH 11.4. The ζ-potential/pH dependence of the Pu(IV) colloids is similar to that of goethite and hematite colloids. Colloid interaction energy calculations using these values reveal an effective Hamaker constant of the intrinsic Pu(IV) colloids in water of 1.85 × 10(-19) J, corresponding to a relative permittivity of 6.21 and refractive index of 2.33, in agreement with first principles calculations. This relatively high Hamaker constant combined with the positive charge of Pu(IV) colloids under typical groundwater aquifer conditions led to two contradicting hypotheses: (a) the Pu(IV) colloids will exhibit significant aggregation and deposition, leading to a negligible subsurface transport or (b) the Pu(IV) colloids will associate with the relatively stable native groundwater colloids, leading to a considerable subsurface transport. Packed column transport experiments supported the second hypothesis.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If it reaches humans, Pu poses a serious health hazard due to its radiological and chemical toxicity . Additional health hazards arise when Pu exists in the environment in the form of nanoparticles, owing to their ability to migrate relatively long distances and to penetrate cells and organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Stability and Electrokinetic Properties of Intrinsic Plutonium Colloids: Implications for Subsurface Transport

Abdel‐Fattah

Zhou

Boukhalfa

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The architecture of bone marrow cell populations

Lord

1990

The International Journal of Cell Cloning

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Marrow is a loosely bound tissue in which hemopoiesis has frequently been considered to be randomly distributed. The case is presented, however, for an organized and structured marrow in which close relationships exist between hemopoietic tissue and a regulatory microenvironment. Distributions of myeloid cells in the mouse femur are described, and a dynamic picture of their movement, with differentiation and maturation from the endosteal surface of the bone to their release via the central venous sinus, is painted. It is also shown that this structure is established within three weeks of birth. By contrast, mature lymphoid cells (but not their progenitors) are uniformly distributed. Regulatory stromal elements in the marrow are also structured and their localization is found to correspond closely to the properties of the progenitor populations. Such structure has potential practical importance, particularly in the field of medical, industrial or accidental radiation exposure where bone may introduce non-uniform dose distributions in the marrow.

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Quantitative assessment of carcinogenic risks associated with ‘hot particles’

Mayneord

Clarke²

1976

Nature

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We have examined the hot particle problem in terms of the number of irradiated cells and the doses to which they are subjected, assuming both linear and nonlinear dose-response functions typical of those reported in the radiobiological literature. We assess the risk associated with point sources of alpha, beta and gamma activity compared with uniform irradiation, as well as the effects of fractionation of a single particle, and the change in risk if the particle moves. Finally, although the biological data are insufficient for firm estimates, we have tentatively attributed absolute carcinogenic risks in these various situations.

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Hazards of plutonium with special reference to the skeleton

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Dispersion Stability and Electrokinetic Properties of Intrinsic Plutonium Colloids: Implications for Subsurface Transport

Dispersion Stability and Electrokinetic Properties of Intrinsic Plutonium Colloids: Implications for Subsurface Transport

The architecture of bone marrow cell populations

Quantitative assessment of carcinogenic risks associated with ‘hot particles’

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