Hazelnut Breeding

Mehlenbacher, Shawn A.; Molnar, Thomas J.

doi:10.1002/9781119828235.ch2

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…The Black Sea Region, which has an important potential in terms of hazelnut production areas and production in Turkey, is among the four main hazelnut gene centers in the world [6]. In addition, it is one of the regions with the largest hazelnut collection among the regions with hazelnut genetic resources in the world [7]. In the region, which has a rich potential in terms of hazelnut genetic resources, Tombul, Palaz, Çakıldak, Mincane, and Foşa hazelnut varieties are widely grown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Mineral Composition in Hazelnut Genetic Resources: Implications for Nutritional Value and Breeding Programs

Yaman,

Balta,

Karakaya

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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This study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, and mineral element content of standard hazelnut cultivars and accessions from the Eastern Black Sea region. A wide variation was determined in terms of the traits examined between hazelnut accessions and cultivars. Most of the accessions investigated had higher values of bioactive compounds, oleic acid, stearic acid, Na, and Ca than the standard cultivars. Among accessions investigated, S-1 had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants (557.3 mg/100 g and 0.53 mmol/100 g) while P-4 had the lowest (307.3 mg/100 g and 0.22 mmol/100 g). The highest oleic acid content was determined in P-2 (87.16%); the lowest was in H-1 (71.24%). Linoleic acid ranged from 4.35% (P-1) to 18.06% (H-1). P-2 (3349 mg/kg and 2464 mg/kg, respectively) had the highest K and P contents. The highest Mg content was found in S-1 (1787 mg/kg). The highest value of Ca and Na was determined in P-1 (2701 mg/kg and 412 mg/kg, respectively). Principal component analysis revealed that the traits studied could effectively explain the variability among hazelnut genetic sources. First, three components explained about 60% of total variation. PC1 was related to arachidonic acid and most of the mineral elements (P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Cd, Ni, and S), and explained 27.6% of the total variation. PC2 explained 18.3% of the total variation, and was mainly related to oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, as well as Ca. PC3 was related to total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and palmitic acid, and explained 14.5% of total variation. The oleic acid had a strong negative correlation with linoleic acid (−0.99 ***) and linolenic acid (−0.95 ***). A strong positive correlation was determined between antioxidant activity and total flavonoids (r = 0.95 ***). K content showed a strong positive correlation with P (r = 0.92 ***) and Mg (r = 0.82 ***) contents. A strong positive correlation was also determined between P and Mg (r = 0.91***). These findings revealed that many of the accessions investigated were a good source of fatty acids and bioactive compounds. As a conclusion, most accessions with superior nutritional content can be evaluated as genetic material for the development of new cultivars in hazelnut breeding programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Mineral Composition in Hazelnut Genetic Resources: Implications for Nutritional Value and Breeding Programs

Yaman,

Balta,

Karakaya

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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“…Further, additional work is needed to study the molecular basis of resistance among different sources, whether these mechanisms are involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, or the defense response. This would help make R-gene pyramiding from multiple previously identified sources (see Mehlenbacher and Molnar, 2021)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation of Eastern Filbert Blight Disease Response and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Three European–American Interspecific Hybrid Hazelnut Populations

Lombardoni

Honig

Vaiciunas

et al. 2022

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The perennial stem canker disease eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala, is devastating to most trees of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana), as genetic resistance is rare in the species. The pathogen is harbored by the wild American hazelnut (Corylus americana) found throughout much of eastern North America. Wild American hazelnut is generally resistant or tolerant to EFB, and is fully cross compatible with C. avellana, the species grown commercially for its nuts, making it a valuable resource for disease resistance breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with EFB resistance and tolerance in these two species. Three unrelated EFB-resistant C. americana selections [Oregon State University (OSU) 533.069 from Pennsylvania, OSU 403.040 from Nebraska, and OSU 557.122 from Wisconsin] were crossed with C. avellana ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ (TdG), a cultivar from Italy known to be tolerant of EFB. Their progenies, each containing 124 trees, were exposed to A. anomala through field inoculations and natural spread over 7 years, then each tree was evaluated for cumulative disease response. Results showed that disease response of all three populations exhibited a roughly normal distribution, indicating that resistance/tolerance was under multigenic control. An average of 2869 total markers were used to construct each population’s linkage map following genotyping, which included an average of 121 published simple sequence repeat markers to anchor linkage groups (LGs) to those of previous studies. Linkage maps were constructed for each parent of each population and used to map QTLs associated with EFB response. The subsequent analysis resolved five EFB-related QTLs across the three populations, highlighting three genic regions. Unexpectedly, only one QTL was identified from one of the three resistant C. americana parents, located on LG11 of the map of OSU 403.040, whereas three QTLs were found in a similar region on LG10 across the three maps of TdG, and a fifth QTL was found on LG6 of one TdG map. The lack of strong QTLs identified from the three EFB-resistant C. americana parents suggests that their resistance may be highly quantitative and not resolved within the constraints of this study. In contrast, tolerance from TdG appears to be conferred by a limited number of genes with relatively strong effects. Based on prior mapping work in European and American hazelnut where R genes have been located on LG2, LG6, and LG7, the QTLs associated with resistance/tolerance on LG10 and LG11 represent novel resistance regions. These QTLs present new targets for marker aided breeding, especially when pyramiding EFB resistance genes is a goal.

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“…While all hazelnut species produce edible nuts, the European hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) is the most widely grown because of its desirable characteristics such as a large high-quality nuts, thin shells, and desired flavor profile. Traditional cultivars are clonally propagated and originated as selections from the wild in Europe and western Asia (Mehlenbacher and Molnar, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-level assembly and annotation of European hazelnut (C. avellanacv. Jefferson) provides insight into mechanisms of eastern filbert blight resistance

Talbot,

Vining,

Snelling

et al. 2023

Preprint

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European hazelnut (Corylus avellanaL.) is an important tree nut crop. Hazelnut production in North America is currently limited in scalability due toAnisogramma anomala,a fungal pathogen that causes Eastern Filbert Blight (EFB) disease in hazelnut. Successful deployment of EFB resistant cultivars has been limited to the state of Oregon, where the breeding program at Oregon State University (OSU) has released cultivars with a dominant allele at a single resistance locus identified by classical breeding, linkage mapping, and molecular markers. Jefferson is resistant to the predominant EFB biotype in Oregon and has been selected by the OSU breeding program as a model for hazelnut genetic and genomic research. Here, we present a near complete, haplotype-resolved chromosome-level hazelnut genome assembly forC. avellanaJefferson. This new assembly is a significant improvement over a previously published genome draft. Analysis of genomic regions linked to EFB resistance and self-incompatibility confirmed haplotype splitting and identified new gene candidates that are essential for downstream molecular marker development, thereby facilitating breeding efforts.

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Hazelnut Breeding

Cited by 20 publications

References 181 publications

Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Mineral Composition in Hazelnut Genetic Resources: Implications for Nutritional Value and Breeding Programs

Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Mineral Composition in Hazelnut Genetic Resources: Implications for Nutritional Value and Breeding Programs

Segregation of Eastern Filbert Blight Disease Response and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Three European–American Interspecific Hybrid Hazelnut Populations

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-level assembly and annotation of European hazelnut (C. avellanacv. Jefferson) provides insight into mechanisms of eastern filbert blight resistance

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