Hazop—past and future

Risk-based maintenance—Techniques and applications

“…The process of risk assessment [9]. Qualitative Action error analysis [14], checklist [15], concept hazard analysis [15], goal oriented failure analysis [14], hazard and operatibility (HAZOP) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) [15,19], human hazard operability (HumanHAZOP) [23], hazard identification system (HAZID) [24], master logic diagram [25], optimal hazard and operatibility (OptHAZOP) [15,26], plant level safety analysis (PLSA) [27], preliminary risk analysis [14], process hazard analysis (PHA) [28][29][30], reliability block diagram (RBD) [14], task analysis [14], Whatif? analysis [14,15,18], sneak analysis [31], risk matrix [32][33][34] Delphi technique [14], expert judgment [35], rapid ranking [36] Maximum credible accident analysis, [15,[37][38][39][40], safety culture hazard and operability (SCHAZOP) [23], structural reliability analysis (SRA) [...…”

A Framework for Risk Management in Railway Sector: Application to Road-Rail Level Crossings

“…FMECA remains the most widely used reliability analysis technique in the initial stages of product/system development, it is usually performed during the conceptual and initial design phases of the system in order to assure that all potential failure modes have been considered and the proper provisions have been made to eliminate these failures. A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study [13] is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or that may prevent efficient operations. The HAZOP technique was initially developed to analyze chemical process systems, but has later been extended to other types of systems and also to complex operations and to software systems.…”

Integrated Application of Compositional and Behavioural Safety Analysis

“…FHA is extended in (Johannessen et al, 2001) and ) to include failure classes, similar to the classes used in HAZOP (Kletz, 1997). Failures are classified, although not restricted, into "Omission", "Commission", "Timing", and "Value".…”