HbA1c is inversely associated with thyroid cysts in a euthyroid population: A cross-sectional study

Noguchi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Our previous study revealed that thyroid cysts might have a beneficial effect on thyroid hormone activation. Subclinical hypothyroidism is reportedly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since systolic hypertension is associated with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cysts are associated with systolic hypertension, the presence of thyroid cysts could be inversely associated with CKD, especially in patients with systolic hypertension. Such an association could indicate that thyroid cysts have a beneficial effect on thyroid hormone activation. To investigate systolic hypertension status-specific associations between thyroid cysts and CKD, a cross-sectional study with 1,750 individuals aged 40–74 years who participated in annual health check-ups was conducted. Independent of thyroid hormone levels (free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)), the presence of thyroid cysts was significantly inversely associated with CKD in subjects with systolic hypertension, but not in subjects without systolic hypertension. The adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 0.52 (0.28, 0.98) for subjects with systolic hypertension and 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) for subjects without systolic hypertension. Thyroid cysts might affect CKD in a beneficial manner. Systolic hypertension could act as an effect modifier on the association between thyroid cysts and CKD. These findings could help clarify thyroid-related mechanisms of CKD development.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between thyroid cysts and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by systolic hypertension status among the general Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

Noguchi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Individuals with thyroid cysts are typically older than those without thyroid cysts [ 8 , 9 , 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, thyroid cysts could be formed during the aging process, which is related to decreasing demand for thyroid hormone [ 30 , 31 ]. Since thyroid cyst fluid is rich in thyroglobulin [ 11 ], thyroid cysts might act as storage of thyroglobulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since thyroid cyst fluid is rich in thyroglobulin [ 11 ], thyroid cysts might act as storage of thyroglobulin. Thus, thyroid cysts might have a beneficial influence on thyroid hormone secretion when necessary [ 8 , 9 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCTD is more common in older individuals [ 34 ]. Since aging also might reduce the necessity of thyroid hormone activity [ 7 ] and might be associated with thyroid cyst development [ 8 , 9 , 30 , 31 ], biological aging might be an important consideration while evaluating the influence of thyroid hormone and thyroid cysts on proteinuria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and proteinuria in relation to thyroid cyst in a euthyroid general population

Nabeshima-Kimura

et al. 2021

J Physiol Anthropol

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Background High normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been reported to be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among euthyroid individuals. However, there has been only limited research on the association between TSH and proteinuria, a major risk factor for the progression of renal disease. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1595 euthyroid individuals was conducted. All participants were within the normal range for free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), and TSH. Analyses were stratified by thyroid cyst status to test the hypothesis that the absence of thyroid cysts, an indicator of latent thyroid damage, is associated with declining ability to synthesis thyroid hormone. Results For participants with thyroid cysts, a significant inverse association between TSH and proteinuria was observed (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of log-transformed TSH for proteinuria 0.40 (0.18, 0.89)). In participants without thyroid cysts, a significant positive association between those two factors was observed (2.06 (1.09, 3.90)). Conclusions Among euthyroid individuals in the general population, being in the normal range of TSH was found to have an ambivalent association with proteinuria. Thyroid cyst status could be an effect modifier for those associations.

“…Methods used in the present study, including thyroid function evaluation, have been described elsewhere [ 9 , 16 , 17 ]. A trained interviewer obtained information on clinical characteristics, such as history of thyroid disease, glucose-lowering medication use, and smoking and drinking habits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among Ratio of Free Triiodothyronine to Free Thyroxine, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Noguchi

et al. 2022

JCM

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The ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) (FT3/FT4), a maker of peripheral thyroxin deiodination, could indicate activity of thyroid hormone. Since positive association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported, clarifying the association among FT3/FT4, SCH, and CKD could be an efficient tool to make a strategy for preventing CKD. A cross-sectional study with 1724 Japanese with normal thyroid hormone was conducted. Significant positive association between SCH and CKD was observed; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 2.23 (1.38, 3.59). Even though, FT3/FT4 was found to be inversely associated with CKD whereas positively associated with SCH; the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of FT3/FT4 were 0.51 (0.35, 0.74) for CKD and 2.40 (1.34, 4.29) for SCH, respectively. FT3/FT4 was also found to be positively associated with SCH without CKD but not those with CKD; 1 SD increment of FT3/FT4 were 3.44 (1.72, 6.91) for SCH without CKD and 1.11 (0.40, 3.06) for SCH with CKD, respectively. Although further investigation is necessary, present study indicates that higher activity of peripheral thyroxin deiodination might have beneficial association on absence of CKD even among SCH which is positively associated with CKD.