HBV Genotypic Variability in Cuba

Loureiro, Carmen L.; Aguilar, Julio César; Aguiar, Jorge; Muzio, Verena; Pentón, Eduardo; García, Daymir; Guillén, Gerardo; Pujol, Flor H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118959

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite the African subgenotype D4 has been detected in rural populations with African ancestry in North and Northeast Brazil 31,32 , no D4 sequence has been identified in this study. The www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ absence of this African subgenotype in Afro-Brazilian communities in Central Brazil may be due to differences in the colonization process along the Brazilian territory (captives from different African regions at different historical times), leading the northeastern states to have an HBV genotypic distribution similar to North America and the Caribbean countries 31,33,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Lima

Lago

Weis-Torres

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. in a study performed by our team in 1999-2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%) were observed. In 2015-2016, we reassessed HBV epidemiological and molecular features in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the last years. the prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0% to 45.9% in FD, 21.0% to 39.5% in SB) while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3% to 18.8% in FD, 63.0% to 38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health issue worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine and potent antiviral treatments 1-3. An estimated 2 billion people have been infected with HBV and 257 million people are chronic carriers of the virus. Serious complications of chronic HBV infection such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 887 000 deaths in 2015 4,5. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the main HBV clinical marker indicating acute or chronic infection and its prevalence is used to categorize HBV endemicity as low, intermediate low, intermediate high, or high 2,6. Even though Brazil is now a low endemic country, it has some areas with high HBV prevalence, especially in the Amazon basin, some counties of Southern Brazil and, isolated communities 7-9. In Brazil, HBV immunization was first implemented in 1989 for infants in the western area of the Amazonas State and since 1998 HBV vaccine has been incorporated into the immunization schedule for infants as a national policy 10. Nowadays, HBV vaccination is available to all individuals regardless of age or risk group, being considered satisfactory and effective, moving Brazil from moderate HBV endemicity to low-endemicity classification 7. Although Brazilian multi-center population-based studies have observed a decrease in HBV infection prevalence in the last decades, especially among children and young adults 10,11 , vaccination is still a challenge in difficult-to-access populations and therefore, observations cannot be extrapolated to rural or vulnerable populations 7 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Lima

Lago

Weis-Torres

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…To this end, we conducted a survey of HBV/D sequences and assessed the distribution of five among the 10 HBV/D subgenotypes (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D7) throughout the continent (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Martinique, Mexico, USA, and Venezuela). Interestingly, Cuba was the only country in which all five subgenotypes were identified, which may be attributable to interactions of the island with different countries over the years [34]. Brazil is the largest country in the Southern Hemisphere corresponding to almost half of the area of South America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is incompatible with epidemiological and historical data of HBV in the Americas. In the American countries, D4 has been identified mainly in African descendant populations [31, 33, 34, 71, 72], with the exception of D4 strains found in individuals living in the Southwestern region of the Canadian Arctic [73]. Brazil and the Caribbean received a large number of African slaves between the 16 th and 19 th centuries [74, 75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D (HBV/D) is globally widespread, and ten subgenotypes (D1 to D10) showing distinct geographic distributions have been described to date. The evolutionary history of HBV/D and its subgenotypes, for which few complete genome sequences are available, in the Americas is not well understood. The main objective of the current study was to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/D isolates from Brazil and frequency, origin and spread of HBV/D subgenotypes in the Americas. Complete HBV/D genomes isolated from 39 Brazilian patients infected with subgenotypes D1 (n = 1), D2 (n = 10), D3 (n = 27), and D4 (n = 1) were sequenced and analyzed together with reference sequences using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework. A search for HBV/D sequences available in GenBank revealed 209 complete and 926 partial genomes from American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Martinique, Mexico, USA and Venezuela), with the major circulating subgenotypes identified as D1 (26%), D2 (17%), D3 (36%), D4 (21%), and D7 (1%) within the continent. The detailed evolutionary history of HBV/D in the Americas was investigated by using different evolutionary time scales. Spatiotemporal reconstruction analyses using short-term substitution rates suggested times of the most recent common ancestor for the American HBV/D subgenotypes coincident with mass migratory movements to Americas during the 19 th and 20 th centuries. In particular, significant linkages between Argentina and Syria (D1), Brazil and Central/Eastern Europe (D2), USA and India (D2), and Brazil and Southern Europe (D3) were estimated, consistent with historical and epidemiological data.

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“…The annual incidence of reactivation (approximately 1.2%) is associated with the male gender, an HBV DNA viral load > 1000 IU/mL, and the presence of genotype B 24 It is worth mentioning that the most common genotype in Cuba is A and is present in 67% to 92.4% of all HBV-infected individuals. 25 , 26 More than 50% of patients had HBV viral load < 2000 IU/mL, which may be related to receiving antiviral treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Condition of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Cuban Adults

Fernández

Zaily

Patricia

et al. 2017

Current Therapeutic Research

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BackgroundThe reduction of the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Cuba can be attributed to the effectiveness of the national immunization program. However, the number of patients with chronic HBV observed in clinical practice is not negligible.ObjectiveA cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the main clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.MethodsA total of 146 patients who had at least a 6-month history of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity were recruited between 2013 and 2015. Descriptive statistical analysis of the epidemiologic, clinical, biochemical, and virologic variables was performed.ResultsMen accounted for 67.8% of patients, and the median age was 43 years. The median time since diagnosis of infection was 9 years. Among the patients, 59% had chronic hepatitis, 34% had liver cirrhosis, and 7% were inactive carriers. Concomitant diagnoses demonstrated that 16.4% of patients had malignancies, predominantly lymphoma. Only 64.4% of patients had received antiviral treatment, and lamivudine was the most commonly used (61.6%) drug. Moreover, 70% of patients were identified during an inactive phase.ConclusionsPatients with chronic HBV infection are still a health problem in the adult Cuban population, especially in patients with concomitant malignancies.

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HBV Genotypic Variability in Cuba

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

Current Condition of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Cuban Adults

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