HCH and lindane contaminated sites: European and global need for a permanent solution for a long-time neglected issue

Vijgen, John; Borst, Bram de; Weber, Roland; Stobiecki, Tomasz; Forter, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.029

Cited by 107 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to the latest environmental report, Poland is a country struggling with persistent organic pollutants. However, the scale of contamination was much lower than in other European countries, i.e., Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, France, or Czech Republic 16 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ The large-scale epidemiological analyses showed complex and multifactorial etiology of FL, with a history of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption being one of the most powerful factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Population-based epidemiological data of follicular lymphoma in Poland: 15 years of observation

Szumera‐Ciećkiewicz¹,

Wojciechowska

Didkowska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Available epidemiological reports on follicular lymphoma (FL) often highlight a significant discrepancy between its high and low incidence rates in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. The reasons behind that difference are not fully understood, but underreporting is typically presumed as one of the main factors. This study aimed to assess FL epidemiology in Poland based on 2000-2014 data from the Polish National Cancer Registry, which has 100% population coverage and over 90% completeness of the registration. All cases were coded according to ICD-10 and ICD-O-3 recommendations. The total number of registered FL cases was 3,928 with crude (CR) and standardized (SR) incidence rates of 0.72/10 5 and 0.87/10 5 , respectively. The median age of FL diagnosis was 61 years, with the male to female incidence ratio of 1.06. The distribution of morphological types of FL: not otherwise specified (NOS), grades 1, 2, or 3 were 72.58, 4.81, 12.88, and 9.73%, respectively. Among all reported mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, FL was ranked the fourth in incidence, just after chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CR 3.62/10 5 , SR 4.99/10 5), plasma cell neoplasms (CR 3.78/10 5 , SR 4.97/10 5) and diffuse B-cell lymphoma, NOS (CR 2.13/10 5 , SR 2.65/10 5). The systematic increase in FL incidence among females was observed. Our study confirms a lower FL incidence rate in Poland as compared to other European countries. Moreover, as our analysis was based on a registry with high data completeness, it provides evidence that reasons other than underreporting are responsible for FL incidence discrepancies between Eastern and Western Europe. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and its incidence varies between geographical regions. In Western Europe and US FL accounts for 20-40% of all NHLs, whereas in Eastern Europe, Asia, and developing countries, its prevalence is about threefold lower. FL affects mostly white adults of a median age of sixty, with a slightly higher incidence rate in females 1. There is an upward trend in the incidence of NHLs in Western countries, which can be attributed mainly to the increased incidence of FL 2. According to data from the Polish histopathological registry of lymphomas, FL accounted for less than 5% of all diagnoses reported in the 2007-2012 period 3. One of the main risk factors predisposing to FL is exposition to high doses of pesticides and herbicides, which may induce BCL2 gene translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) 4. FL heterogeneity poses a diagnostic and therapeutical challenge, from early indolent lymphoma to aggressive transformation into therapy-resistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS). FL is composed of germinal follicle center B-cells containing centrocytes and centroblasts that almost always present focal follicular growth pattern 4,5. An absolute number of centroblasts per high-power microscopic field should be evaluated by a pathologist to classify FL into the histological grading sys...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Population-based epidemiological data of follicular lymphoma in Poland: 15 years of observation

Szumera‐Ciećkiewicz¹,

Wojciechowska

Didkowska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It was synthesized after the Second World War until the 1990s (Saez et al, 2015;Dominguez et al, 2018b). Four major isomers (Figure 1) are formed (α, β, γ, and δ) during the production of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), however, only the γ isomers possess insecticidal properties (Vijgen et al, 2019). For the last seven decades, lindane insecticide has been extensively used worldwide on fruits, vegetables, forest crops, animals, and on animal premises (Jung et al, 2018;Singh and Singh, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, only a small portion of the related legal problems were addressed in the European Union (EU) or globally. Large stockpiles of lindane and its wastes are still present in the soil, which represents a large contaminant reservoir (Vijgen et al, 2019). Therefore, lindane degradation technologies must be developed to decontaminate the polluted soil and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Biodegradation of Lindane (γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane) Using a Microbial System

et al. 2020

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Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) is an organochlorine pesticide that has been widely used in agriculture over the last seven decades. The increasing residues of lindane in soil and water environments are toxic to humans and other organisms. Large-scale applications and residual toxicity in the environment require urgent lindane removal. Microbes, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, can transform lindane into non-toxic and environmentally safe metabolites. Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms follow different metabolic pathways to degrade lindane. A variety of enzymes participate in lindane degradation pathways, including dehydrochlorinase (LinA), dehalogenase (LinB), dehydrogenase (LinC), and reductive dechlorinase (LinD). However, a limited number of reviews have been published regarding the biodegradation and bioremediation of lindane. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding lindane-degrading microbes along with biodegradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and the microbial remediation of lindane-contaminated environments. The prospects of novel bioremediation technologies to provide insight between laboratory cultures and largescale applications are also discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation and practical basis to use lindane-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation.

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“…The extensive use of lindane as a commercial pesticide during the last 70 years is a heavy burden for human beings as well as the environment: 8-12 tons of undesired derivatives were produced for each ton of lindane, leading to an overall storage of almost 7.2 million tons of HCH waste isomers mostly buried in uncontrolled dumps at many sites around the world [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Hexachlorocyclohexane: A Small Molecule with a Big Impact on Human Cellular Biochemistry

et al. 2020

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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) belong to a heterogeneous class of organic compounds blacklisted by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 due to their harmful impact on human health. Among OCPs, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is one of the most widespread and, at the same time, poorly studied environmental contaminant. Due to its physicochemical properties, β-HCH is the most hazardous of all HCH isomers; therefore, clarifying the mechanisms underlying its molecular action could provide further elements to draw the biochemical profile of this OCP. For this purpose, LNCaP and HepG2 cell lines were used as models and were subjected to immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR analysis to follow the expression and mRNA levels, together with the distribution, of key biomolecules involved in the intracellular responses to β-HCH. In parallel, variations in redox homeostasis and cellular bioenergetic profile were monitored to have a complete overview of β-HCH effects. Obtained results strongly support the hypothesis that β-HCH could be an endocrine disrupting chemical as well as an activator of AhR signaling, promoting the establishment of an oxidative stress condition and a cellular metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. In this altered context, β-HCH can also induce DNA damage through H2AX phosphorylation, demonstrating its multifaceted mechanisms of action.

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HCH and lindane contaminated sites: European and global need for a permanent solution for a long-time neglected issue

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Population-based epidemiological data of follicular lymphoma in Poland: 15 years of observation

Population-based epidemiological data of follicular lymphoma in Poland: 15 years of observation

Insights Into the Biodegradation of Lindane (γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane) Using a Microbial System

β-Hexachlorocyclohexane: A Small Molecule with a Big Impact on Human Cellular Biochemistry

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