HcTyr and HcTyp-1 of Hyriopsis cumingii, novel tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein genes involved in nacre color formation

Chen, Xiajun; Liu, Xiao Jun; Bai, Zhiyi; Zhao, Laiping; Li, Jiale

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.11.005

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most of the tyrosinase genes in these bivalves were more highly expressed in the mantle, especially at the distal mantle edge, the tissue responsible for shell biomineralization (Zhang et al, 2006a;Marie et al, 2012;Huening et al, 2016). Recently, Chen et al (2017) reported that two tyrosinase genes, HcTyr and HcTyp-1, were highly expressed in the dorsal epithelial cells of the mantle pallial of H. cumingii. Nevertheless, HcTyr and HcTyp-1 had markedly different expression profiles in the mussels with purple or white nacre, suggesting their important roles in periostracum and nacre coloration .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gene-specific primers (RT-HcTyr2F and RT-HcTyr2R) for qRT-PCR were designed according to the complete HcTyr2 cDNA sequence ( Table 1). Elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) was used as an endogenous reference gene for calibration with the primers described in Chen et al (2017). Real-time RCR was performed in the following program: denaturation at 95 • C for 1 min, 40 cycles of 95 • C for 15 s, 56 • C for 15 s, and 72 • C for 15 s, following the determination of the melting curve with 0.5 • C increments from 50 • C to 95 • C. The relative mRNA expression levels (N) were calculated using the following formula N = 2 (CtEF1α−Ct HcTyr2) .…”

Section: Real-time Quantitative Pcr Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Tyrosinase Gene Plays a Potential Role in Modification the Shell Organic Matrix of the Triangle Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

et al. 2020

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Although tyrosinases have been speculated to participate in the shell formation of mollusks, there is still a lack of experimental evidence to support this assumption. In this study, a novel tyrosinase designated HcTyr2 was isolated and characterized from the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. The change in HcTyr2 mRNA expression during the process of embryonic development was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The result showed that the expression of HcTyr2 mRNA was significantly upregulated at the stages of gastrulae and unmatured glochidia (P < 0.05), suggesting that this gene might fundamentally participate in the biogenesis and growth of the initial shell. Meanwhile, the upregulation of HcTyr2 mRNA at the stages of shell regeneration 24 h and 9 days after shell notching in the mantle edge (P < 0.05) implied that it might play an important role in shell periostracum and nacre formation by mediating the cross-linking of quinoproteins to promote the maturity of organic matrix. Additionally, the knockdown of HcTyr2 mRNA by RNA interference resulted in not only the suppression of periostracum growth but also structural disorder of nacre aragonite tablets, as detected by scanning electron microscopy. These results suggested that HcTyr2 might regulate the growth of shell by its oxidative ability to transform soluble matrix proteins into insoluble matrix proteins, then promoting the maturity of the shell organic framework in H. cumingii. In general, our results suggested the importance of HcTyr2 in the shell formation and regeneration of H. cumingii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Real-time Quantitative Pcr Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Tyrosinase Gene Plays a Potential Role in Modification the Shell Organic Matrix of the Triangle Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

et al. 2020

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“…Tyrosinase and its related proteins have been reported to play vital roles in pigment synthesis (melanin) and shell matrix formation by a cross‐link of o‐diphenols and quinone tanning to produce non‐calcified periostracal layer (Zhang et al., 2006). In P. fucata and H. cumingii , tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐like protein was observed to be associated with the formation of the nacreous layer and periostracum (Chen et al., 2017; Zhang et al, 2006). Tyrosinase was higher in the purple line mussel than the white line while tyrosinase‐like protein reported the vice versa and an in‐situ hybridization experiment observed that as the nacre colour deepened in the purple line mussel, tyrosinase levels increased suggesting its direct involvement in the colour of the nacre (Chen et al., 2017).…”

Section: Pearl Colour Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In P. fucata and H. cumingii , tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐like protein was observed to be associated with the formation of the nacreous layer and periostracum (Chen et al., 2017; Zhang et al, 2006). Tyrosinase was higher in the purple line mussel than the white line while tyrosinase‐like protein reported the vice versa and an in‐situ hybridization experiment observed that as the nacre colour deepened in the purple line mussel, tyrosinase levels increased suggesting its direct involvement in the colour of the nacre (Chen et al., 2017). The higher expression of tyrosinase‐like protein in the white line mussel was explained by the chitin binding domain in its structure.…”

Section: Pearl Colour Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors have also been reported to influence the colour of a cultured pearl. The mechanism of pearl colour formation has hence been proposed to be under the control of three main parameters and influences: nacre colour (Chen, Liu, Bai, Zhao, & Li, 2017; Ky, Blay, Broustal, Sham Koua, & Planes, 2019), environmental influences and chemical composition and content (metal ions, organic pigments among others) (Li, Bai, Luo, Wang, & Li, 2014; Liu, 2016). The association of pearl colour with the nacre colour of the shell has hence proposed the involvement of biomineralization‐related genes in the formation of the colour of pearls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How cultured pearls acquire their colour

et al. 2020

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Round nucleated pearls are produced through a surgical operation, where a round nucleus and a mantle tissue ‘saibo’ from donor oyster are inserted into the gonad of the host oyster. The epithelial cells in the mantle tissue proliferate around the nucleus, and thus, the pearl sac is formed. Pearl sac secrets nacre and forms a pearl. The quality and economic value of pearls are assessed by pearl features such as colour, brightness, lustre and shape. Among all these features, colour has been reported as an important economic indicator and has been widely studied by researchers. Generally, pearl colour is affected by the donor oyster which is determined genetically and biological pigments (melanin and carotenoid). Organic matrices, metal ions and other factors have also been reported to influence the colour of a cultured pearl. Recently, multi‐omics methods have been used to study the colour formation of pearl, and some key genes and signal pathways related to the colour formation of pearls have been identified. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of pearl formation needs further research. The review combines both fresh and sea water pearls focusing on Hyriopsis cumingii and pearl oysters to provide a general overview and understanding for pearl colour formation.

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Identification of nacre matrix protein genes hic14 and hic19 and their roles in crystal growth and pearl formation in the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

Jin¹,

Ren

Pu³

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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Biological mineralization is a highly programmed process in which inorganic minerals reassociate under the strict control of the extracellular matrix to form minerals with special functions and patterns. Shells are biominerals, and their synthesis is finely regulated by organic matrix including matrix proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, free amino acids, and small peptides. In this study, two matrix protein genes, hic14 and hic19, were isolated from the mantle of the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. Tissue expression analysis showed that both proteins were expressed mainly in the mantle, and in situ hybridization of mantle tissues showed that they were specifically expressed in the dorsal epithelial cells of mantle pallial. Therefore, hic14 and hic19 were both nacreous layer matrix proteins. In the pearl insertion experiment, hic14 and hic19 kept low expression during pearl sac formation and disordered calcium carbonate deposition, and increased significantly during pearl nacre accumulation, which showed that both proteins participated in the mineralization of pearl nacre. In the RNA interference experiment, shell nacre tablet growth was inhibited after crystal nucleation due to the decreased expression of hic14, and crystal morphology and arrangement of nacre were highly modified after expression of hic19 was inhibited. These results provided further evidence that both hic14 and hic19 participated in nacreous layer biomineralization.

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HcTyr and HcTyp-1 of Hyriopsis cumingii, novel tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein genes involved in nacre color formation

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

A Novel Tyrosinase Gene Plays a Potential Role in Modification the Shell Organic Matrix of the Triangle Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

A Novel Tyrosinase Gene Plays a Potential Role in Modification the Shell Organic Matrix of the Triangle Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

How cultured pearls acquire their colour

Identification of nacre matrix protein genes hic14 and hic19 and their roles in crystal growth and pearl formation in the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

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