HCV and HIV prevalences strongly correlated in Asian communities with reservoirs of HIV in high-risk groups

Brewer, Devon D.; Khan, Adnan Ahmad

doi:10.3855/jidc.827

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The prevalence of blood-borne viruses was higher in PWIDs than in the general population, with prevalence of HIV among PWIDs at 18.4% to 29.5%, according to the national sentinel surveillance, 33,47 while other studies found the prevalence to be ranging from 17.5% to 72%. 18,47 –50…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 The prevalence of blood-borne viruses was higher in PWIDs than in the general population, with prevalence of HIV among PWIDs at 18.4% to 29.5%, according to the national sentinel surveillance, 33,47 while other studies found the prevalence to be ranging from 17.5% to 72%. 18,[47][48][49][50] Despite the shared modes of transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV, the data show HBV prevalence among PWIDs similar to that in the general population. 18,21,22,23 This finding suggests that HBV infection most likely occurs in the early infant period.…”

Section: Situation In the Key Affected Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Sereno

Mesquita²,

Kato³

et al. 2012

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS

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Viral hepatitis is a disease of great concern to public health that is now met by a favorable momentum to combat the global epidemic. This article is intended to highlight the importance of viral hepatitis in the Vietnam population as well in the group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We reviewed available data on epidemiology and response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the general population ranged from 5.7% to 24.7%. The anti-HCV prevalence ranged from 0.38% to 4.3% in the general population, while among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) it ranged from 31% to 97.2%. The HBV prevalence among PLWHA is similar to the general population, while HCV/HIV coinfection is concentrated in some groups. Anti-HCV prevalence among HIV-infected PWIDs can be as high as 98.5%. Developing policies for diagnosis and treatment of chronic HBV and HCV infections are critical priorities in order to prevent clinical progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Situation In the Key Affected Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Sereno

Mesquita²,

Kato³

et al. 2012

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS

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“…7 This study however had only a small proportion of patients tested for HBV or HCV, and the presence of a coinfection in this study may have added to the high percentage of hepatotoxicity, as HIV-positive Asian communities were found to have a high prevalence of HCV. 13 cART in pregnant and non-pregnant womenCoinfection with HBV or HCV has been reported to be an independent risk factor for antiretroviral-associated hepatotoxicity, including NVP-related hepatotoxicity. 14 First, there could be enhanced toxicity of pre-existing HCV-or HBV-coinfection.…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hcv coinfection, an important risk factor for hepatotoxicity in pregnant women starting antiretroviral therapy

Snijdewind¹,

Smit

Godfried

et al. 2012

Journal of Infection

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Summary Objectives: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of hepatotoxicity in HIV-1 positive pregnant and non-pregnant women starting combined ART. Methods: Data were used from the ATHENA observational cohort. The study population consisted of HIV-1 infected, therapy na€ ıve, pregnant and non-pregnant women, followed between January 1997 and February 2008. Demographic, treatment and pregnancy related data were collected. Risk of hepatotoxicity was determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, region of origin, baseline HIV-RNA levels and CD4 cell counts, cART regimen and hepatitis B and C coinfection. ALT and AST values of more than 5 times ULN were considered as hepatotoxicity. Results: Four-hundred and twenty-five pregnant and 1121 non-pregnant women were included. Independent risk factors of hepatotoxicity in all women were the presence of detectable HCV RNA (OR 5.48, 95% CI 2.25e13.38, p < 0.001) and NVP use (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.54e4.55, p < 0.001). Stratified for pregnancy, the adjusted risk of hepatotoxicity was significantly associated with HCV coinfection only during pregnancy (OR 23.53, 95% CI 4.69e118.01, p < 0.001). NVP use is related to hepatotoxicity in pregnant (OR 5.26, 95% CI 1.61e16.67, p < 0.005) as well as in non-pregnant women (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.11e4.00, p Z 0.02). Conclusion: HCV coinfection and NVP use are associated with a higher risk of cART induced hepatotoxicity in pregnant women.

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“…The increase in patient survival numbers following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has seen the emergence of HCV infection and chronic hepatic diseases as important morbidity and mortality causes together with HIV [2,3]. Similar transmission routes for HIV and HCV mean that coinfection is currently common, especially in injecting drug users and patients who have undergone blood transfusions, differing slightly from risk groups with isolated HIV or HCV [2,4,5]. It is estimated that 30% to 35% of HIV-infected patients in the United States of America are coinfected with HCV [2,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HAART and liver: is it safe?

Antonello¹,

Kliemann

Santos

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity in HIV patients. This study investigates the possibility that chronic HCV increases the risk of hepatotoxicity after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. Methodology: The data from 30 coinfected HIV/HCV and 35 HIV monoinfected patients between August 2008 and August 2010, since the start of HAART, were analyzed along with data from every three months, with clinical/laboratory evaluation until the end of twelve months. The aim of this study was to assess risk and incidence of hepatotoxicity in both groups. Results: Before the introduction of HAART, coinfected patients had higher average levels of transaminases than did the monoinfected group (p < 0.001). After initiation of HAART, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were higher in coinfected patients, regardless of type of HAART they received. Twenty-two (73%) of the coinfected patients had some degree of hepatotoxicity versus only seven (20%) of the monoinfected patients. No patient had severe hepatotoxicity. Risk of hepatotoxicity after HAART in a coinfected patient was 3.7 times higher than in a monoinfected patient .4], p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that coinfected patients are at an increased risk for developing hepatotoxicity, but the clinical and immunological benefits of HAART are higher than the risk of hepatotoxicity and rarely justify discontinuation of therapy.

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HCV and HIV prevalences strongly correlated in Asian communities with reservoirs of HIV in high-risk groups

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Hcv coinfection, an important risk factor for hepatotoxicity in pregnant women starting antiretroviral therapy

HAART and liver: is it safe?

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