HCV seropositivity in inmates and in the general population: an averaging approach to establish priority prevention interventions

Roux, Perrine; Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis; Lions, C.; Fugon, Lionel; Verger, Pierre; Carrieri, Patrizia

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005694

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Infected blood can be recovered from snorting straws, and sharing these is common . Cohort studies of HCV‐infected non‐injecting cocaine users , men who have sex with men and prison inmates have found snorting to be a risk factor for HCV exposure, but others have not . Our finding of low HCV prevalence in people not on OST/injecting use does not support sharing snorting straws as a major risk for HCV transmission.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Test uptake and hepatitis C prevalence in 5483 Danish people in drug use treatment from 1996 to 2015: a registry‐based cohort study

et al. 2018

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Background and aims The aims of this study were, in people in treatment for drug use in Funen, Denmark, to: (1) assess prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) test uptake and prevalence of HCV; (2) identify predictors of test update and HCV infection; and (3) characterize changes between 1996 and 2015 in test uptake, HCV prevalence and drug use.Design Cohort study linking the Danish National Registry on Drug Users in Treatment to the regional hepatitis test registry and the Danish Death Certificate Registry, thus combining longitudinal data on drug use with data on HCV testing and results. Setting and participants People recorded as having received treatment for drug use between 1996 and 2015 (n = 5483) in Funen, Denmark. In the cohort, 24.8% were female, median age 23 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 20-32] at entry and 50% had self-reported injecting or had received opiate substitution therapy (OST). MeasurementsThe main outcomes were the test for HCV ever and latest HCV-RNA being positive. The main predictors were for test and infection investigated; ever receiving OST, self-reported injecting, age at entry and connection to treatment centre offering outreach hepatitis care. Findings HCV test uptake was 52% and prevalence of current HCV-RNA+ was 21% in people alive at the end of follow-up. Positive predictors of having undergone HCV testing were: receiving OST [odds ratio (OR) = 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.2-4.5], self-reported injecting (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 2.0-2.7), female gender (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.4-1.9) and having been connected to centres with outreach hepatitis care (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.7). In people alive, HCV-RNA+ prevalence was 31% if ever on OST or self-reported injecting. Among HCV-infected people, 69% were in drug use treatment at end of follow-up. For participants entering the cohort after 2010, only 5% reported opiates as main drug of use and 17% had experience of injecting. Conclusion Among Danish people in treatment for drug use from 1996 to 2015, receiving opiate substitution therapy had the largest associating to being tested for hepatitis C virus. As opiate use is declining, adapting test strategies will be necessary.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Test uptake and hepatitis C prevalence in 5483 Danish people in drug use treatment from 1996 to 2015: a registry‐based cohort study

et al. 2018

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“…Mohamed et al, 2013 (10) documented that the best predictor for hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections were intravenous drug use, longer duration spent in prison (>10 years) and shared toiletries. Different results were found by Roux et al, 2014 (16) whose study revealed that drug injection without snorting' and 'drug injection with snorting' were very strongly associated with HCV seropositivity. Among inmates, 'drug snorting alone' (OR (95% CI) 2.21 (1.39 to 3.52) was also a strong correlate while tattoos, piercings (OR (95% CI) 1.22 (0.92 to 1.61)) and the sharing of toiletry items (OR (95% CI) 1.44 (0.84 to 2.47)) were weak correlates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Adjei et al, 2006 (15) revealed similar seroprevalence of HCV (19.0%) while the HBsAg recorded 17.4% in prisons in Ghana, the difference in the prevalence of HBV may be attributed to the difference in the marker used for diagnosis. In France, Roux et al, 2014 (16) reported a significantly higher prevalence of HCV in inmates (5%) than in general population (2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections among prisoners: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Ibraheem

2018

The Egyptian Family Medicine Journal

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Back ground: Blood borne diseases are generally higher in prisons than in the community as prisoners in jails usually come from low social class. Understanding the risk factors of hepatitis B viral (HBV) and hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections among prisoners could help improve their interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among prisoners and to determine associated risk factors in the prison environment. Methods: A total number of 324 prisoners, who were incarcerated in Shebin Elkom general prison, were included in this study. Questions about personal data and risk factors for blood born infections were asked and all subjects were investigated for hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis C antibody. Results: Among prisoners, the prevalence of HBV, HCV infections, and HBV/ HCV co-infections were 8.02%, 16.4% and 1.9% respectively. The HBV and HCV infections were significantly associated with history of tattooing, dental procedures and surgery. Using binary logistic regression model, it was shown that imprisonment duration and tattooing were independent risk factors for both HCV and HBV infections. Conclusion: Tattoos, use of shared personal tools and other circumstances that facilitate blood contact, which is especially present in prisons, increase HBV and HCV infection risk among prisoners. These results should promote consideration of routine HBV and HCV screening and behavioral interventions among the incarcerated.

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“…Although imprisonment puts people at a high risk of HCV infection, this is through risky behaviors that take place before or during imprisonment such as injecting drug use. While injecting drug use is likely to be the most common HCV transmission pathway among prison inmates, it is not the only one (161). This complex situation may be difficult to tease apart with existing evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the testing needs of key European populations affected by hepatitis B and hepatitis C being addressed? A scoping review of testing studies in Europe

et al. 2016

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AimTo investigate whether or not key populations affected by hepatitis B and hepatitis C are being tested sufficiently for these diseases throughout the European region.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies on HBV and HCV testing in the 53 Member States of the World Health Organization European Region following PRISMA criteria.Results136 English-language studies from 24 countries published between January 2007 and June 2013 were found. Most studies took place in 6 countries: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. 37 studies (27%) addressed HBV, 46 (34%) HCV, and 53 (39%) both diseases. The largest categories of study populations were people who use drugs (18%) and health care patient populations (17%). Far fewer studies focused on migrants, prison inmates, or men who have sex with men. ConclusionsThe overall evidence base on HBV and HCV testing has considerable gaps in terms of the countries and populations represented and validity of testing uptake data. More research is needed throughout Europe to guide efforts to provide testing to certain key populations.

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HCV seropositivity in inmates and in the general population: an averaging approach to establish priority prevention interventions

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Test uptake and hepatitis C prevalence in 5483 Danish people in drug use treatment from 1996 to 2015: a registry‐based cohort study

Test uptake and hepatitis C prevalence in 5483 Danish people in drug use treatment from 1996 to 2015: a registry‐based cohort study

Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections among prisoners: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Are the testing needs of key European populations affected by hepatitis B and hepatitis C being addressed? A scoping review of testing studies in Europe

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