“…Virtual reality (VR) is a fully-immersive 3-D multimedia environment where individuals can interact with a computer generated world (Aukstakalnis & Blatner, 1992; Milgram & Kishino, 1994; Onyesolu & Eze, 2011; Oxford, 2019). VR offers powerful affordances related to 3-D immersion, spatial representations, and multi-sensory cues (Salzman et al, 1999; Shin, 2017), and these characteristics allow learners to experience real or imagined environments that might be otherwise inaccessible (Huang & Roscoe, 2021). Prior studies have demonstrated learning from VR when studying microscopic processes (e.g., chemical reactions; Bennie et al, 2019), large-scale processes (e.g., solar system events; Huang et al, 2021), dangerous processes (e.g., emergency in mines; Grabowski, 2019), or processes too difficult or expensive to explore in real life (e.g., construction; Angulo & Velasco, 2014).…”