Headache and Refractive Errors in Children

Roth, Z; Pandolfo, Katie R; Simon, John W.; Zobal-Ratner, Jitka

doi:10.3928/01913913-20140429-02

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…11 However, a different result was obtained in another study where there was no significant association between improvement of headache and correction of refractive error. 10 Majority of the patients with headache and refractive errors in our study had myopia, but greater association with hyperopia 11 and astigmatism 34 has also been found. This may be due to different age groups recruited in different studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…8 Based on clinical experiences and anecdotal evidences from practitioners, the International Headache Society classified it as headache attributed to refractive errors (HARE), 9 although its importance has been frequently questioned. 10,11 In support of the view, it has been suggested that ciliary muscle strain 12 and prolonged contraction of brow, scalp, and neck muscle to improve visibility 13 may cause the headache. The child generally complains of headache when there has been prolonged strain on eye due to reading and relief in absence of such a strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Value of Headache for Screening of Refractive Errors in the Pediatric Age Group

et al. 2015

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This article aims to study the predictive value of headache for screening of refractive errors in the pediatric age group. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient setting of the Department of Ophthalmology of Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital, associated with Ganesh Shanker Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur (India), during a period of 1?year, including 5,398 children in the age group of 5 to 15 years. Data were collected using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire which included demographic data and chief complaints. All the subjects underwent visual acuity and refractive error testing. Visual acuity was conducted using Snellen's chart and Landolt's C chart. Thereafter, refractive testing was done under cycloplegia and corrective spectacles were prescribed to the patient. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 16.0. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the discrete variables. Data were also used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predicative value of headache as a screening tool for the predicting refractive errors in children. Twelve percent of the total population attending the ophthalmic outpatient department belonged to the age group of 5 to 15 years. The male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Out of the total, 58.8% of the subjects had refractive errors. Myopia was the most common refractive error (46.4%) followed by astigmatism (31.3%) and then hyperopia (22.3%). Gender difference was significant (p?

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of Headache for Screening of Refractive Errors in the Pediatric Age Group

et al. 2015

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“…11 Roth et al 2008, states that improvement in headache relief is irrespective of RE correction in school children. 13 In the same year, Dotan et al 2014, found that 87.5% of children diagnosed with REs experienced complete resolution from headache after RE correction in 1 month to 3years follow up. 12 Headache is a characteristic of asthenopia accompanied with ocular discomfort, heaviness of eyelids, and brow acheetc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This hypothesis is under controversy for a long period of time with researches done in different populations with contradictory conclusions. [11][12][13] Several studies have been conducted to find out the relationship between headache and refractive error. Even though the International Headache society (IHS) categorized 'headache associated with refractive error' under secondary headaches, the IHS did not cite any evidence in support of its classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 There are also fewer studies that declare no significant difference in the distribution of RE between headache group and the normal population. 16,13 Among the type of REs distributed over headache, hypermetropia is the most common refractive error diagnosed. Myopia, mixed astigmatism, compound myopic astigmatism, compound hypermetropic astigmatism, simple myopic astigmatism are the next common refractive error in the order of decreasing frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the proportion of refractive errors in patients with primary complaint of headache and the significance of refractive error correction in symptoms relief

Jain¹,

Das²,

Subashini³

et al. 2020

IJCEO

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Introduction: Headache attributed to refractive errors (HARE) is a common condition caused by myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatisms. Headache is not necessarily experienced by all individuals with REs. HARE is mainly caused by the strain produced in the ciliary muscles to focus objects more often during near works like reading. This study is an attempt to estimate REs with headache and symptoms relief after correction respectively. Materials and Methods: 103 cases of both sexes with mean age 19.04±7.27 years referred to the ophthalmology out patient department with complain of haedache were included in the study. Objective refraction was measured with 0.5% cyclopentolate drops and retinoscopy was done with suitable lenses. All cases were followed up for a period of one month. Results: The frequency of REs in headache patients was found to be (29) 28.15% with hypermetropia 9(31.03%), myopia 6(20.69%), mixed astigmatism 5(17.24%), compound myopic astigmatism 4(13.79%), compound hypermetropic astigmatism 3(10.34%), simple myopic astigmatism 2(6.90%). Asthenopia was found in 62% of cases diagnosed with RE. Symptoms relief was seen in 69% of cases after spectacles prescription. 16 out of 19 patients with asthenopia experienced symptoms relief after one month. Conclusion: Among the many causes of headache, HARE is a subgroup to be resolved with ophthalmological consultation. The results of this study indicates a positive association of Res in causing headache and the importance of lens correction in symptoms relief. So, all headache cases should have ophthalmological examination since maximum amount of success is possible in HARE management.

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Ametropia in children with headache

2019

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Objective: To measure the frequency of uncorrected ametropia in children with 2 to 8 weeks of persistent headache referred to ophthalmic outpatient department for evaluation. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at CMH Gujranwala from March 2018 to November 2018.A total of 262 children, aged from 5 to 16 years, with 2 to 8 weeks history of persistent headache underwent detailed ophthalmic assessment for refractive errors, and other ophthalmic evaluation. Children with ametropia, confirmed with cycloplegic refraction and post-mydriatic testing were prescribed with glasses. Patients without any ophthalmic findings were referred back to pediatrics department for further evaluation. Results: Mean age of study population was 8.97 ± 3.16 years. Mean duration of headache was 5.03 ± 1.81 weeks. Ametropia was found in 56 (21.4%) children, while 206 (78.6%) had no refractive error. Out of children with ametropia, 20 (35.7%) had myopia, 24 (42.8%) had astigmatism and 12 (21.5%) had hypermetropia. There was no difference in ametropic children and children without ametropia with respect to gender (p=0.73), age (p=0.54) and duration of headache (p=0.71). Conclusion: A significant proportion of children with ametropia have initial symptoms of headache. Any child with un-explained headache must undergo ophthalmic evaluation to diagnose refractive error, if any. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.268 How to cite this:Mehboob MA, Nisar H, Khan M. Ametropia in children with headache. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.268 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Headache and Refractive Errors in Children

Abstract: Headaches in children usually do not appear to be caused by ophthalmic disease, including refractive error. The prognosis for improvement is favorable, regardless of whether refractive correction is required.

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Predictive Value of Headache for Screening of Refractive Errors in the Pediatric Age Group

Predictive Value of Headache for Screening of Refractive Errors in the Pediatric Age Group

Determination of the proportion of refractive errors in patients with primary complaint of headache and the significance of refractive error correction in symptoms relief

Ametropia in children with headache

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