Headcut erosive regimes influenced by groundwater on disturbed agricultural soils

Rockwell, D. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.021

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, most studies focused on topsoil strength, and little attention was paid to the compacted layer. However, laboratory experiments have provided some insight into the effect of the compacted layer on soil erosion, particularly on agricultural lands (Rockwell, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rill erosion on an oxisol influenced by a thin compacted layer

Thomaz¹

2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYThe presence of compacted layers in soils can induce subprocesses (e.g., discontinuity of water flow) and induces soil erosion and rill development. This study assesses how rill erosion in Oxisols is affected by a plow pan. The study shows that changes in hydraulic properties occur when the topsoil is eroded because the compacted layer lies close below the surface. The hydraulic properties that induce sediment transport and rill formation (i.e., hydraulic thresholds at which these processes occur) are not the same. Because of the resistance of the compacted layer, the hydraulic conditions leading to rill incision on the soil surface differed from the conditions inducing rill deepening. The Reynolds number was the best hydraulic predictor for both processes. The formed rills were shallow and could easily be removed by tillage between crops. However, during rill development, large amounts of soil and contaminants could also be transferred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most soil erosion studies have primarily focused on topsoil resistance to concentrated flow erosion (Bryan, 2000;Greene & Hairsine, 2004;Knapen et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2007), and few reports have discussed the effects of erosion on soil with a compacted layer (Bertolino et al, 2010;Rockwell, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rill erosion on an oxisol influenced by a thin compacted layer

Thomaz¹

2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…The entire collapse process was completed in only a few seconds. The development of cracks reduced the shear strength of the soil and destroyed the overall stability of the slope (Rockwell, 2011); in addition, it increased the permeability of the soil and the pore water pressure (Wells, 2009a). Changes in the pore water pressure are the main reason for the instability of the gully head (Collison, 1996(Collison, , 2001.…”

Section: Responses Of Soil Loss and Gravity Erosion Processes To Gras...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Feng

Wang

Guo

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Vegetation plays a crucial role in gully headcut erosion. However, little is known about how grass influences runoff hydraulics, soil erosion and headcut erosion processes. A series of rainfall and scouring experiments were conducted on four plots to elucidate the effect of the density of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn (planting spaces: 20 × 20 cm2, GA1; 15 × 15 cm2, GA2; 10 × 10 cm2, GA3; bare land as control, BL) on runoff hydraulics and soil erosion during gully headcut erosion. The velocity, Reynolds number (Re), runoff shear force (τ) and stream power (ω) of the BL increased exponentially with time (P < 0.01). However, for the grassland, most parameters increased linearly with time (P < 0.01). The Froude number (Fr) of the BL and grassland significantly decreased linearly and exponentially, respectively, with time (P < 0.01). For τ, the grass tableland needed to develop for a period of time to restrain it. The runoff of the BL tableland and gully head was supercritical turbulent, while that of the grassland was more dispersed. The existence of a gully head increased the jet velocity by 2.97%–67.19%, which increased the dispersion degree of the runoff. The runoff energy showed a significant exponential increase with time (P < 0.05). Compared with that of the BL, the energy consumption of the runoff from the grassland increased by 4.10%–31.81%. During gully headcut erosion, the BL was primarily cut down to the tableland by runoff, while the grassland was cut down to the headwall by on‐wall flow. As the density increased, the benefit of sediment reduction increased, reaching a maximum of 66.79%. The collapse of the BL primarily occurred in the upper part of the headwall during the early experimental stage. The frequency and space–time ranges of the collapse of the grassland were larger than those of the BL. The gravity erosion types of the BL were headwall collapse and gully bank collapse, while those of the grasslands were headwall collapse and root‐soil composite collapse.

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“…İlginç olan yeraltı suyu seviyesinin düşürülmesiyle (deneylerde bu durum kanal tabanına negatif (emme) basıncı verilerek sağlanmıştır) sediment konsantrasyonunun hızla düştüğünün de tespit edilmesidir. Bunu takip eden çalışmalarda, 10 m uzunluğundaki erozyon kanalında yağmurlama sistemi ile tetiklenen yüzeysel erozyon hızının doygun olmayan yeraltı boşluk-suyu basıncının doymaya başlamasıyla (yeraltı suyu seviyesinin yükselmesiyle) arttığı da ayrıca tespit edilmiştir [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Experimental investigation of sandy loam soil erosion on a 45-degree slope under the effect of groundwater flow

Akay¹

2018

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Yeraltı suyu akımları doğal şevlerde toprak kaymasına; toprak dolgu şevlerde ve barajlarda da sığ ve derin kayma yüzeyli göçmelere yol açan erozyonun başlıca etkeni olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeraltı suyu akımı kaynaklı erozyon mekanizmaları kumlu tın toprak kullanılarak inşa edilmiş üç-boyutlu fiziksel şev modeli ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, laboratuvarda 100 cm uzunluğunda, 50 cm genişliğinde ve 60 cm yüksekliğinde bir erozyon kanalı inşa edilmiştir. Homojen bir kumlu tın fiziksel modeli elde edebilmek için 45 derecelik yüzey açısında sahip olan şev 2.5 cm yüksekliğinde basamaklar halinde kontrollü olarak sıkıştırılmıştır. Yeraltı suyu erozyon kanalının bir tarafında bulunan su haznesinde uygulanan 50 cm-su piyezometrik yük altında oluşturulmuştur. Su haznesinden (memba) akışa geçen yeraltı suyu erozyon kanalının diğer tarafındaki şev yüzeyinden (mansap) sızma suyu olarak çıkış yapmıştır. Toprak partikülleri doygun durumdaki şev yüzeyinden çıkış yapan sızma suyu tarafından sürüklenmiştir. Sızma suyu erozyonunun oluşturduğu oyuk deney süresince memba kesimine doğru toprak kaymaları ile ilerlemiş ve yüksekliği deney sonunda şev kretine kadar ulaşmıştır. Şev erozyonunun kararlı akım durumundaki boşluk-suyu basınçlarına bir etkisi olmamıştır. Groundwater flow is considered as a major contributor for erosion that may result in landslides of natural hill slopes and shallow and deepseated failures of engineered embankments. In this study, erosion mechanisms of a sandy loam slope due to groundwater flow were investigated using a three-dimensional physical model. For this purpose, an erosion flume with dimensions of 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 60 cm high was constructed in the laboratory. The physical slope model with a 45 degree slope angle was compacted in 2.5 cm lifts to obtain a homogenous sandy loam slope. The groundwater flow was generated under a piezometric head of 50 cm-water that was applied at the water reservoir located at one end of the erosion flume. The groundwater flow directed from the water reservoir (upstream) seeped out of the slope surface at the other end of the flume (downstream). Soil particles became entrained in the seepage flow that exfiltrated the slope surface at the saturated zone. The extent of the cavity due to seepage erosion progressed upstream via sapping during the experiment and the height of the cavity reached the crest of the slope at the end of the experiment. Seepage erosion did not affect the steady-state pore-water pressures.

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Headcut erosive regimes influenced by groundwater on disturbed agricultural soils

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Rill erosion on an oxisol influenced by a thin compacted layer

Rill erosion on an oxisol influenced by a thin compacted layer

Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Experimental investigation of sandy loam soil erosion on a 45-degree slope under the effect of groundwater flow

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