Headspace Analysis of<i>Vitis vinifera</i>(Vitaceae) Flowers

Buchbauer, Gerhard; Jirovetz, Leopold; Wasicky, Michael; Nikiforov, A.

doi:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698383

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, valencene could be considered a characteristic component of the volatile fraction of this species; it was considered an important constituent of the headspace, essential oil and dichloromethane extract of the flowers of Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae). 32 The essential oils steam-distilled from the leaves of Siparuna guianensis showed seasonal changes of valencene. 33 Variations of valencene levels during the development of grapefruit were used to measure ripeness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra

Bertoli

Menichini

Mazzetti

et al. 2003

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The flower and leaf oil of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) from Calabria (Italy) were studied by GC and GC-MS. The major components identified in each oil were n-nonane (8%, 15%), β-pinene (8%, 4%), α-pinene (13%, 10%), myrcene (16%, 5%), β-caryophyllene (5%, 11%), germacrene-D (10%, 13%), sabinene (13%, 3%) and caryophyllene oxide (5%, 12%) in the leaf and flower oils, respectively. The aerial parts of the same plant were also analysed by SPME. The SPME analysis showed higher yields of undecane (14%, 10%) and β-caryophyllene (14%, 10%) in comparison with the corresponding hydrodistillation oils, in addition to α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene and myrcene, amounting to (9%, 6%), (7%, 4%), (1%, 9%), (1%, 10%) for the leaves and flowers, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra

Bertoli

Menichini

Mazzetti

et al. 2003

Flavour & Fragrance J

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“…Although grapevine¯owers have been reported to emit valencene (Buchbauer et al, 1994), and the compound has been detected in low amounts in celery (Apium graveolens; MacLeod et al, 1988), mango (Mangifera indica; Ansari et al, 1999), olives (Olea europea; Flamini et al, 2003), and even coral (Roussis et al, 2000), valencene is mostly associated with citrus fruit. Accordingly, there are no other known genes encoding valencene synthases from any other genus, and this speci®c synthase evolved, most likely, within the genus Citrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene

Sharon-Asa¹,

Shalit²,

Frydman³

et al. 2003

The Plant Journal

193

125

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SummaryCitrus fruits possess unique aromas rarely found in other fruit species. While fruit flavor is composed of complex combinations of soluble and volatile compounds, several low‐abundance sesquiterpenes, such as valencene, nootkatone, alpha‐sinensal, and beta‐sinensal, stand out in citrus as important flavor and aroma compounds. The profile of terpenoid volatiles in various citrus species and their importance as aroma compounds have been studied in detail, but much is still lacking in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic regulation of their production. Here, we report on the isolation, functional expression, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a sesquiterpene synthase‐encoding gene, involved in citrus aroma formation. The recombinant enzyme encoded by Cstps1 was shown to convert farnesyl diphosphate to a single sesquiterpene product identified as valencene by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Phylogenetic analysis of plant terpene synthase genes localized Cstps1 to the group of angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases. Within this group, Cstps1 belongs to a subgroup of citrus sesquiterpene synthases. Cstps1 was found to be developmentally regulated: transcript was found to accumulate only towards fruit maturation, corresponding well with the timing of valencene accumulation in fruit. Although citrus fruits are non‐climacteric, valencene accumulation and Cstps1 expression were found to be responsive to ethylene, providing further evidence for the role of ethylene in the final stages of citrus fruit ripening. Isolation of the gene encoding valencene synthase provides a tool for an in‐depth study of the regulation of aroma compound biosynthesis in citrus and for metabolic engineering for fruit flavor characteristics.

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“…Valencene (1), together with other terpenoids, has been reported as a major volatile emitted from flowers of several grapevine cultivars (Buchbauer et al, 1994a(Buchbauer et al, ,b, 1995. We tested expression of VvVal and VvGerD at four different developmental stages of grapevine flowers (Fig.…”

Section: Transcripts Of Grapevine Tps Genes In Flower Buds Flowers Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitis vinifera terpenoid cyclases: functional identification of two sesquiterpene synthase cDNAs encoding (+)-valencene synthase and (−)-germacrene D synthase and expression of mono- and sesquiterpene synthases in grapevine flowers and berries

2004

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Headspace Analysis ofVitis vinifera(Vitaceae) Flowers

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra

Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra

Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene

Vitis vinifera terpenoid cyclases: functional identification of two sesquiterpene synthase cDNAs encoding (+)-valencene synthase and (−)-germacrene D synthase and expression of mono- and sesquiterpene synthases in grapevine flowers and berries

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