Headspace gas chromatography based methodology for the analysis of aromatic substituted quaternary ammonium salts

Boxtel, Niels van; Wolfs, Kris; Palacín, Marta Guillén; Schepdael, Ann Van; Adams, Erwin

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.009

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the case of DB, benzyl chloride is formed which is volatile (boiling point of 179°C) and can be further analyzed by GC. All reactions can be performed in one HS vial .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the volatiles was performed at 75°C in sHS conditions and FET at 170°C. The analysis of DB was also performed at 170°C in FET mode using an in‐vial reaction to produce benzyl chloride . Additional parameters are given in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GC analyses were carried out using an Agilent 6890 series GC equipped with a Perkin Elmer Turbomatrix 40 HS autosampler (balanced pressure system) (Waltham, MA, USA). Analysis of the volatiles was performed at 75 • C in sHS conditions and FET at 170 • C. The analysis of DB was also performed at 170 • C in FET mode using an in-vial reaction to produce benzyl chloride [9]. Additional parameters are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Headspace Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the introduction of nonvolatile analytes could cause system parts, such as the injector and column, to become contaminated. Recently, a novel HS method was published that makes use of an in‐vial reaction of benzyl‐substituted quaternary ammonium salts to produce a volatile product. For samples containing water, sample enrichment is possible using 2,2‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) as water scavenger yielding methanol and acetone as reaction products .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems were solved by applying a GC–FID method preceded by the full evaporation technique (FET) . Indeed, FET is known to be free of matrix effects and quaternary ammonium salts such as DB can be efficiently determined following an in‐vial reaction as described in literature . So, a FET‐GC–FID method was developed, optimized, and validated for the analysis of the volatile denaturants as well as DB in denatured ethanol containing samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive headspace gas chromatographic analysis of denaturants in denatured ethanol

Boxtel

Wolfs

Palacín

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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To discourage consumption, ethanol is often denatured using both volatile (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone and isopropanol) and nonvolatile (e.g., denatonium benzoate) chemical substances. As a result, the analysis of denatured ethanol samples is usually performed by multiple techniques such as gas chromatography for the volatile denaturants and liquid chromatography for the nonvolatile ones. However, the need for multiple techniques increases the cost of analysis and forms a severe obstruction for on-site product control. Using the full evaporation technique combined with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection, only one analytical methodology has to be used here to determine both volatile and nonvolatile denaturants in denatured ethanol. Denatonium benzoate is determined as benzyl chloride following an in-vial reaction. Compared to conventional techniques, the novel method performs equally well, but it is simpler to apply. At the same time, drawbacks of alternative methods are circumvented such as equilibration issues and alterations to the stationary phase when using liquid chromatography with ion pairing agents or matrix effects when applying static headspace gas chromatography. The developed method showed good linearity, repeatability, and recovery toward all analytes and was applied to the analysis of commercial denatured ethanol for disinfection and ethanol-based windscreen washer fluids.

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“…In the case of DB, benzyl chloride is formed which is volatile (boiling point of 179°C) and can be further analyzed by GC. All reactions can be performed in one HS vial .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Headspace Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive headspace gas chromatographic analysis of denaturants in denatured ethanol

Boxtel

Wolfs

Palacín

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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Detection of benzalkonium chloride on glass surfaces using silver nanoparticles

Nguyen

Son

et al. 2021

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Raman reporter‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to investigate the detection of one member of a class of the cationic surfactant quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, also known as benzalkonium chloride (BAC). For this study, SERS was performed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Density functional theory (DFT) of BAC on Ag6 clusters was introduced to estimate binding at the level of the B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis sets. As the chain length increased from n = 8 to 18, the binding energies were expected to increase by 2.1 kcal/mol. Methylene blue (MB) Raman reporter molecules were subsequently treated on BAC thin‐film‐covered glass surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were used to determine the coverage of BAC on the glass, and field‐emission electron microscope (FE‐SEM) images revealed the surface morphologies of the SERS substrates. A standard calibration curve was prepared to quantify BAC within a concentration range of 0.0036805 to 36 805 ppm (r2 ≥ 0.99), according to the BAC‐correlated SERS intensities of MB Raman peaks at ~1620 cm−1 adsorbed on AgNPs. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation supported strong adsorption of BAC on glass surfaces.

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Cyanuric chloride-imidazole dendrimer functionalized nanoparticles as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of quaternary ammonium compounds from fruit and vegetable puree based infant foods

Zhao

Zhang

Ling

et al. 2021

Journal of Chromatography A

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Headspace gas chromatography based methodology for the analysis of aromatic substituted quaternary ammonium salts

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Comprehensive headspace gas chromatographic analysis of denaturants in denatured ethanol

Comprehensive headspace gas chromatographic analysis of denaturants in denatured ethanol

Detection of benzalkonium chloride on glass surfaces using silver nanoparticles

Cyanuric chloride-imidazole dendrimer functionalized nanoparticles as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of quaternary ammonium compounds from fruit and vegetable puree based infant foods

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