Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometric methodology for the establishment of the volatile composition of Passiflora fruit species

Abstract

Dynamic headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis (GC-q MS), was used to investigate the aroma profile of different species of passion fruit samples. The performance of five commercially available SPME fibres: 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene, PDMS/DVB; 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS; 85 μm polyacrylate, PA; 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane, DVB/CAR/PDMS (StableFlex); and 75 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane, CAR/PDMS; was evaluated and compared. Several extraction times and temperature conditions were also tested to achieve optimum recovery. The SPME fibre coated with 65 μm PDMS/DVB afforded the highest extraction efficiency, when the samples were extracted at 50°C for 40 min with a constant stirring velocity of 750 rpm, after saturating the sample with NaCl (17%, w/v -0.2 g). A comparison among different passion fruit species has been established in terms of qualitative and semiquantitative differences in volatile composition. By using the optimal extraction conditions and GC-qMS it was possible to tentatively identify seventy one different compounds in Passiflora species: 51 volatiles in Passiflora edulis Sims (purple passion fruit), 24 in P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa (yellow passion fruit) and 21 compounds in Passiflora mollissima (banana passion fruit). It was found that the ethyl esters comprise the largest class of the passion fruit volatiles, including 82.8% in P. edulis variety, 77.4% in P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa variety and 39.9% in P. mollissima. The semi-quantitative results were then submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) in order to establish relationships between the compounds and the different passion fruit species under investigation.

Volatile profile of yellow passion fruit juice by static headspace and solid phase microextraction techniques

“…All analyzes were performed in triplicate. For the extraction in HS-SPME, the equilibrium parameters were established according to PONTES et al (2009) with modifications. In a 20mL flask 0.2mL aliquot of juice sample was diluted with 1.0mL Milli-Q water (Millipore Corporation, Brazil).…”

“…The chemical composition of yellow passion fruit juice is characterized by the presence of volatile and non-volatile substances, which define their sensory and nutritional attributes. In the case of volatile compounds, they interfere directly with the sensory quality of the fruit and its processed products (PONTES et al, 2009). The juice of yellow passion fruit has an "ester" floral aroma with exotic tropical characteristic of sulfurous note (CARASEK & PAWLISZYN, 2006).…”

“…Based on the collection of the volatile compounds in the gaseous phase above, a sample under defined conditions is dependent on the volatility of the aromatic compounds (GUTH & GROSCH, 1993). Among the headspace techniques currently used for the extraction of aromatic volatiles, solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) has been applied for isolation of volatile compounds from fruits (BARBONI et al, 2009;PONTES et al, 2009;FIGOLI et al, 2010, ALVAREZet al, 2012. This technique is based on a dynamic process of adsorption of volatiles on the vapor phase in the sample headspace in a silica fiber coated with an adsorbent polymer and has high sensitivity in the volatiles extraction with a wide range of polarity (BICCHI et al 2008).…”

Effectiveness of high-throughput miniaturized sorbent- and solid phase microextraction techniques combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for a rapid screening of volatile and semi-volatile composition of wines—A comparative study

“…For 2-methyl-1-propanol (1), d-limonene (2), ethyl octanoate (17), benzaldehyde (26), 5-methyl-2-furfural (29), ethyl 2-furoate (33), ethyl benzoate (35), and benzyl alcohol (41) better results were observed for DVB/CAR/PDMS, while PDMS/DVB fibre exhibited good potential to extract diethyl succinate (36), 3-methyl-1-butanol (5), 2-phenylethanol (44), ethyl lactate (11), and ethyl 4-ethoxy benzoate (48). CAR/PDMS extracts with high efficiency ethyl hexanoate (6), p-cymene (9), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (13), 2-acetylfuran (24), whereas PDMS is more indicated to extract 1-dodecene (19), decanal (22), ␣-ionol (43), diethyl malate (46), and octanoic (47), tetradecanoic (55), and hexadecanoic acids (56).…”

“…The theoretical foundations of SPME have been extensively addressed in the literature [29][30][31][32]. Since its development, this technique has become very popular and gained growing acceptance and increasing use in routine laboratories applications mainly to the sampling and analysis of environmental [33], food [34][35][36], forensic [37] and pharmaceutical samples [38,39]. Typically followed by GC in combination with mass spectrometric detection (MS) [40][41][42] or its multidimensional alternative, comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC × GC-ToFMS) [43][44][45], SPME technique has been successfully used for wine samples.…”