Headspace Volatiles of Marijuana

Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.

“…Essential oils extracted from fresh cannabis herb were previously reported to show a chemical composition qualitatively similar to that obtained from air-dried herb, but that drying resulted in a loss of the most volatile compounds, particularly affecting the content in monoterpenes [21]. Moreover, the direct comparison of the chemical composition of a cannabis essential oil with that of a headspace sample is not often straightforward since thermolabile or water-sensitive constituents might be dramatically affected by hydrodistillation [25,26].…”

“…In comparison with cannabinoid derivatives, the volatile constituents of cannabis have received much less attention. Nevertheless, the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of cannabis derived products is well documented and has been mainly established through the analysis of their essential oils [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or by means of headspace sampling techniques [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, a large variety of volatile compounds representing all chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters) have been detected in cannabis samples [20].…”

“…Both hashish and bud samples provided two distinct regions in their 2D-chromatogram, roughly corresponding to the distribution areas of monoterpenic and sesquiterpenic derivatives. (26)(27)(28)(29) performed at the Institut National de Police Scientifique (Ecully, France). While several terpenes are common to all forms of cannabis, hashish samples are characterized by the presence of hashishene 11 eluting before ␣-pinene 13.…”

Exhaled Breath Analysis of Smokers Using CMV-GC/MS

“…As seen from the chromatogram and list of compounds in Table 11 the chromatographic method and sampling in this study has only identified compounds in the second fraction (monoterpenes), third fraction (sesquiterpenes) and the fourth fraction (cannabinoids). The oxygenated compounds of the first fraction are commonly identified in most plant vapors [96] and are not particularly indicative of marijuana specifically. The sesquiterpene, β-caryophyllene, is usually found to be more concentrated and odorous than other compounds [105].…”

Study of the Transport of Odorants from Illicit Substances Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry

“…Table 6 -Examples of illicit substances and their primary odors [2], [21], [48]- [50]. ... 36 Presently, law enforcement officials utilize trained substance detection canines in routine traffic stops to assess if the vehicle contains any illegal substances.…”