Healing of Periodontal Tissues Following Transplantation of Cells in a Rat Orthodontic Tooth Movement Model

Abstract

Objective: To determine the fate and differentiation of transplanted periodontal ligament (PL) precursor cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and their relative capacity to regenerate wounded periodontium. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement was introduced 24 hours before transplantation of PL or ES cells, and rats were euthanized either 24 hours or 72 hours after cell transplantation. The control rats received either no tooth movement and no cell transplantation or tooth movement and no cell transplantation. Differentiation of transplanted cells was assessed from mandibular periodontal histological tissue sections by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies against PL cell differentiation markers. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test at a significance level of P ϭ .05. Results: Transplantation of PL and ES cells resulted in a higher number of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and ␣-smooth muscle actin labeled transplanted cells, predominantly around the blood vessels of the periodontium in study rats compared with control rats (cell transplantation but no orthodontic tooth movement, P ϭ .05). Combined treatments of tooth movement and cell transplantation resulted in enhanced regeneration of the periodontium as a result of tooth movement. Transplantation of PL cells induced a higher number of differentiating cells in the PL and alveolar bone than did transplantation of ES cells. Conclusions: Orthodontic tooth movement promotes the differentiation of transplanted cells, and the differentiation occurs predominantly in the paravascular areas of the periodontium. In terms of regeneration of wounded periodontium, transplantation of PL cells produced a higher level of regeneration than ES cells, possibly because of PL cell plasticity and the capacity to undergo effective differentiation in the periodontal cellular microenvironment.

The effect of immediate controlled forces on periodontal healing of teeth replanted after short dry time in dogs

“…The results of the present study are in accordance with previous studies in which immediate and controlled function after avulsion and replantation did not have a detrimental effect on the healing potential . Yang et al observed significantly more resorption and less healing when loads were applied in the first week after autotransplantation .…”

“…Other authors have proposed that mechanical stimulation promotes more rapid healing by stimulating mesenchymal cells . Nayak et al found that orthodontic tooth movement in rats promoted initiation of cell differentiation at or around the perivascular areas of blood vessels in the periodontium and concluded that tooth movement stimulates the production of signalling that leads to cellular proliferation in the alveolar marrow. Yang et al evaluated the application of orthodontic forces on the periodontal healing of autotransplanted teeth in dogs and reported these forces resulted in lower ankylosis and promotion of periodontal ligament re‐attachment and proliferation.…”

Reforming craniofacial orthodontics via stem cells

“…Surprisingly, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDSCs) are capable of regenerating the wounded periodontium in rats; surpassing the repair capacity of embryonic cells. [28] Thus, stem cells can be used to regenerate and repair periodontal tissues.…”

Auto Transplantation of a Mandibular Third Molar with Complete Root Development - A Case Report?

“…Auto transplantation of tooth ensures maintenance of alveolar bone volume by physiological stimulation of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Recently, auto transplantation has begun to gain attention again, most likely because of the research on PDL healing after auto transplantation has provided helpful information that can be applied to the procedure [2,3]. Transplantation has a key role in the replacement of young patients missing teeth [4].…”