“…Overcome by their own loss and their ability to regulate their own emotions severely compromised, caregivers may not able to adequately attune to, validate, and otherwise respond to their grandchildren's traumatic experience-in particular, the affective dimension (Caliandro & Hughes, 1998;Ludwig, Imberti, Rodriguez, & Torrens, 2006;Walsh, 2007). Reduced grandparental caregiver capacity may often detract from their ability to implement effective ways of dealing with their grandchildren's problems, which may eventually lead to the deterioration of parent-child interactions and, in some cases, to child maltreatment (Crnic & Greenberg, 1998;Milner, 1995).…”