My country has a vast territory, and there is still a big gap between basic education in various regions in terms of hardware facilities and teachers. Especially in some rural areas, the lack of educational resources has become one of the bottlenecks restricting local economic development. The purpose of this paper is to study the construction of the smart classroom model in rural primary schools based on the Internet background. On the basis of summarizing the development dilemma of the new model of "Internet + rural primary education" and summarizing the influencing factors, the targeted countermeasures to solve the practical dilemma are explored from the aspects of integrating high-quality resources, improving Internet technology and increasing capital investment. The new connotation that literacy should have under the background of "Internet +", reconstruct the concept of a new model of "Internet + rural primary school education", and design the process of smart classroom teaching mode in rural primary schools. Taking a rural primary school as the research object, and comparing the total scores of the smart classroom teaching experimental class and the traditional teaching control class, the value-added score of the fifth-grade experimental class is 8, and the value-added score of the control class is 1. It can be concluded that the experimental class and the control class have great changes before and after the experiment.