Health and economic impact of HIV/AIDS on South African households: a cohort study

Abstract

Background: South African households are severely affected by human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but health and economic impacts have not been quantified in controlled cohort studies.

Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus

“…The occupational risk of becoming HIV infected from patients in a health care setting is low, estimated to be approximately 0.3% with percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood, and 0.09% after a mucous membrane exposure (Baggaley, Sulwe, Kelly, MacMillan & Godfrey-Faussett, 1996). Although transmission of HIV from infected HCWs to patients has been documented, the risk is much lower than in the reverse situation (CDC, 2001).…”

“…HIV/AIDS has many physical effects, but perhaps some of the most profound effects are in the psychological, social and economic health of the HIV-positive person, his or her loved ones and the community (Bachmann & Booysen, 2003;Hilhorst., van Liere, Ode & de Koning, 2006;Hosegood, Preston-White, Busza, Moitse & Timaeus, 2007). Fear, stigma and discrimination have continued to accompany the HIV pandemic (UNAIDS, 2000).…”

Smoke and mirrors? The science of poverty measurement and its application

“…Households reported increased expenditure on health, diverting income away from other requirements, potentially with significant opportunity costs. Supporting this, in the Free State Province of South Africa, several studies (Bachmann and Booysen 2003;Bachmann and Booysen 2004;Bachmann and Booysen 2006) report greater falls in income and total expenditure amongst households afflicted by episodes of illness by HIV infected member than those in which the HIV status of members was not known.…”

Invirtiendo en salud: el argumento económico. Informe del Foro sobre Inversión en Salud de la Cumbre Mundial sobre Innovación para la Salud 2016

“…Los costos de buscar atención médica, combinados con ingresos reducidos, representan una carga económica significativa para muchos hogares en los PBI y los PIM. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] Esta carga a menudo puede tener como resultado que los hogares recorten gastos esenciales, como la comida. 57 Los hogares pobres encabezados por mujeres son más vulnerables a la catástrofe económica como resultado de los eventos adversos de salud.…”