Health and mass unemployment events—developing a framework for preparedness and response

Davies, Alisha; Homolova, Lucia; Grey, Charlotte; Bellis, Mark A

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy174

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…20,21 The quality of the local labour market can also affect the wider community through reduced spending power and decline in community participation. 5,22 Considering the wider-reaching social and wellbeing implications of precarious employment, it has been suggested that precarious employment is now an emerging social determinant of health. 6 It is relatively unknown whether the association(s) between precarious employment and poor health is the same across groups at risk of precarious employment, that is, is the health impact of precarious employment worse for some than others.…”

Section: Review Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review

Gray

Grey

Hookway

et al. 2020

Perspect Public Health

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Aim: Precarious employment is known to be detrimental to health, and some population subgroups (young individuals, migrant workers, and females) are at higher risk of precarious employment. However, it is not known if the risk to poor health outcomes is consistent across population subgroups. This scoping review explores differential impacts of precarious employment on health. Methods: Relevant studies published between 2009 and February 2019 were identified across PubMed, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if (1) they presented original data, (2) examined precarious employment within one of the subpopulations of interest, and (3) examined health outcomes. Results: Searches yielded 279 unique results, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, 12 studies examined differences between gender, 3 examined the health impacts on young individuals, and 3 examined the health of migrant workers. Mental health was explored in nine studies, general health in four studies, and mortality in two studies. Conclusion: Mental health was generally poorer in both male and female employees as a result of precarious employment, and males were also at higher risk of mortality. There was limited evidence that met our inclusion criteria, examining the health impacts on young individuals or migrant workers.

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Section: Review Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review

Gray

Grey

Hookway

et al. 2020

Perspect Public Health

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“…Global estimates suggest that up to 25 million jobs could be lost as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 3 Typically, mass unemployment events disproportionately impact the younger and older age groups, [4][5][6] and those with lower skills or underlying health conditions are at more risk of exiting the labour market in the longer term. Compared with other Western countries, the USA and the UK have experienced more severe immediate labour market impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Identifying the groups most vulnerable to changes in employment during the COVID-19 pandemic is important to better develop and target the health, re-employment and social support needed to prevent a longer term detrimental impact on societal health. 4 Emerging UK research has raised concerns about the disproportionate impact on specific demographic groups, 10 11 15 while also commenting on regional disparities, 15 suggesting a need for different approaches in the postpandemic recovery. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 on employment in the initial phases of the pandemic as well as observed differences by underlying health and household financial security in Wales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales

Gray

Kyle

Song

et al. 2021

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundThe public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest among the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsData were collected from a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18–64 years) in Wales in May/June 2020 (n=1379). We looked at changes in employment and being placed on furlough since February 2020 across demographics, contract type, job skill level, health status and household factors. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, subgroups and employment outcomes.ResultsOf our respondents, 91.0% remained in the same job in May/June 2020 as they were in February 2020, 5.7% were now in a new job and 3.3% experienced unemployment. In addition, 24% of our respondents reported being placed on furlough. Non-permanent contract types, individuals who reported low mental well-being and household financial difficulties were all significant factors in experiencing unemployment. Being placed on ‘furlough’ was more likely in younger (18–29 years) and older (60–64 years) workers, those in lower skilled jobs and from households with less financial security.ConclusionA number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health.

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“…Therefore, the scatter plot shows that the differentiation was serious, which was mainly related to the individual's physical quality, personal will and survival belief [61].…”

Section: On Mortality-to-incidence Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates to socioeconomic factors cohort: Path diagram analysis

Peng

Ren

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females around the world. Its occurrence and development has been linked to genetic factors, living habits and health conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study on breast cancer of females in several developed countries between 1980 and 2012. The path diagram analysis for five factors, i.e. years, population, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, and unemployment rate, were conducted using Excel database function, and the effects on breast cancer incidence and mortality rates were analyzed. International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse was used to determine the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer data from several developed countries for 1980–2012. RESULTS: The relationship between socioeconomic factors and the occurrence and development of breast cancer did not follow a monotonic function. We found a positive, significant association of national public wealth on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. In addition to the significant relationship between individual physical and psychological characteristics, social pressure, such as unemployment rate has a significant impact on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer is 0.18 and 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship between the socioeconomic development and the crude rates of female breast cancer was shown in this study. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer can be regulated effectively by a moderate increase in national public wealth, and clearly was affected by the individual’s economic wealth. In addition, the influence of social pressure (e.g., unemployment rate) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate also showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.

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Health and mass unemployment events—developing a framework for preparedness and response

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review

Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review

Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales

Mapping of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates to socioeconomic factors cohort: Path diagram analysis

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