Health- and skill-related physical fitness profile of Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

Pedretti, Augusto; Mello, Júlio Brugnara; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Pedretti, Alessandro

doi:10.12820/rbafs.25e0131

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Both tests mentioned have adequate validity criteria for children ( Davis et al, 2008 ; Calleja-González et al, 2015 ), in addition to being described in national ( Pedretti et al, 2020 ) and international studies ( Davis et al, 2008 ; Harris et al, 2011 ). Even so, the proposition of cut-off points for muscle speed and power tests based on a BMD variable is in line with the results reported by longitudinal studies discussed above ( Kemper et al, 2000 ; Barnekow-Bergkvist et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical fitness variables tested were: 1) Sprint, assessed with the running test at a maximum speed of 20 m (20-m sprint test–20-mST); 2) Agility, assessed through the 4 × 4 meter square test (4x4-m square test); 3) Lower Limb Power, assessed using the horizontal jump test, and 4) Upper Limb Power, assessed using the 2 kg medicine ball throw test (2 kgMBTT). These tests also have validation and international use with good evidence ( Davis et al, 2008 ; Bös and Schlenker, 2011 ; Calleja-González et al, 2015 ) and are widely used in Brazil ( Pedretti et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sprint and upper limbs power field tests for the screening of low bone mineral density in children

et al. 2022

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Background: The possibility of carrying out screening, with acceptable accuracy, of a child’s bone mass status based on a physical fitness test can advance the concept of health-related physical fitness. In addition, the relevance of the applicability of this type of screening in educational environments is mainly due to the difficulty of direct assessments of bone health indicators. This study aimed to propose cut-off points for physical fitness tests based on children’s bone health indicators.Methods: This is a two-phase cross-sectional study. Phase-1: 160 children (6–11 years-old) performed the 20-m sprint test (20-mST) and the 2 kg medicine ball throw test (2 kgMBTT). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and content was assessed by DXA. The area under the ROC curve greater than 70% was considered valid. Phase-2: It was carried out a secondary analysis in a sample with 8,750 Brazilians (6–11 years-old). The percentile values (identified in phase-1) were used to identify the values of the cut-off points in the unit of measurement of the tests. The validation of the cut-off points found was by odds ratio values and p ≤ 0.05.Results: Phase 1: The areas under the ROC curve were 0.710, 0.712 (boys and girls–20-mST), 0.703, and 0.806 (boys and girls–2 kgMBTT) with total spine and pelvis aBMD as the outcome. Phase 2: From percentile values, we find valid cut-off points in the Brazilian sample (OR > 3.00; p < 0.001) for boys and girls. Values ranged between 5.22 s–4.00 s to 20-mST and between 125.0 cm–160.0 cm to 2 kgMBTT. Conclusion. The 20-mST and the 2 kgMBTT presented sufficient accuracy for the screening of children aged between 6 and 11 years with greater chances of having low aBMD in the total spine and pelvis, with valid cut-off points.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprint and upper limbs power field tests for the screening of low bone mineral density in children

et al. 2022

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“…Understanding this relationship in young people is a necessity, especially considering the high prevalence of adolescents with low levels of flexibility. In Brazil, it is estimated that 50% of youth are in a health risk zone when considering flexibility (Pedretti et al, 2020). It is hard, though, to determine health-related criterion-referenced cut-points for muscular skeletal fitness for young people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Flexibility Can Affect Motor Competence: The Pathway from Health Related Physical Fitness to Motor Competence

Chagas

Barnett

2022

Percept Mot Skills

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Motor competence has been shown to predict health-related physical fitness (HRPF) components in youth, but there is indeterminate evidence for the reverse path. Even less is known about the specific relationship between motor competence and flexibility. Our aims in this study were to analyze the relationship between flexibility and motor competence among adolescents; and, secondarily, to examine the relationships between motor competence and other HRPF components (body composition and musculoskeletal fitness). We conducted a longitudinal study (14-months follow-up) with two measurement points of 128 participants (55.5% girls; 45% boys) aged 12–13 years at baseline. We assessed HRPF components at the first time point and determined motor competence at the second time point. We assessed HRPF in terms of body composition (body fat percentage), musculoskeletal fitness (sit-up test), and flexibility (sit and reach). We determined motor competence using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). We employed multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to examine the effect of HRPF on motor competence through three models, in which each HRPF component was considered an independent variable. Sex, age, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores were considered confounders. In our crude models all HRPF components significantly affected motor competence. In adjusted models, flexibility ( p = .002) and body composition ( p < .001) significantly affected motor competence. Overall, these results supported the assumptions that HRPF components are related to motor competence in adolescence, and that flexibility can affect motor competence in young people.

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“…The procedures for collecting physical fitness variables were performed according to the PROESP-BR ( Projeto Esporte Brasil ) Guidelines for Measurements, Tests, and Assessments ( Gaya et al, 2021 ) and have been described in detail in previous studies ( Mello et al, 2015 ; Mello et al, 2016 ; Pedretti et al, 2020 ). The physical fitness variables tested were 1) sprint, assessed with the running test at a maximum speed of 20 m; 2) agility, assessed through the 4×4-m square test; 3) lower limb power (LLP), assessed using the standing long jump test, and 4) upper limb power (ULP), assessed using the 2-kg medicine ball throw test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical fitness variables tested were 1) sprint, assessed with the running test at a maximum speed of 20 m; 2) agility, assessed through the 4×4-m square test; 3) lower limb power (LLP), assessed using the standing long jump test, and 4) upper limb power (ULP), assessed using the 2-kg medicine ball throw test. These tests have international use and validation with good evidence ( Bös and Schlenker, 2011 ; Calleja-González et al, 2015 ) and are widely used in Brazil ( Pedretti et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed, agility, and musculoskeletal fitness are independently associated with areal bone mineral density in children

Mello

Rodríguez‐Rodríguez²,

Gracia‐Marco³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Background: There is still little understanding of the associations between physical fitness variables and bone health in children taking into account key confounders.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between performance in tests of speed, agility, and musculoskeletal fitness (power of the upper and lower limbs) with bone mass of different regions in children, considering the adjustment to maturity-offset, lean percentage, and sex.Methods: Cross-sectional study design: the sample consisted of 160 children aged 6–11 years. The physical fitness variables tested were 1) speed, assessed with the running test at a maximum speed of 20 m; 2) agility, assessed through the 4×4-m square test; 3) lower limb power, assessed using the standing long jump test, and 4) upper limb power, assessed using the 2-kg medicine ball throw test. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was obtained from the analysis of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed using the SPSS software.Results: In the crude regression analyses, the results indicated a linear relationship between all the physical fitness variables and aBMD in all body segments, but maturity-offset, sex, and lean mass percentage seemed to have an effect on these relationships. Except for the upper limb power, the other physical capacities (speed, agility, and lower limb power) were associated with aBMD in at least three body regions in the adjusted analyses. These associations occurred in the spine, hip, and leg regions, and the aBMD of the legs presented the best association magnitude (R2).Conclusion: There is a significant association between speed, agility, and musculoskeletal fitness, specifically the lower limb power and aBMD. That is, the aBMD is a good indicator of the relationship between fitness and bone mass in children, but it is essential to consider specific fitness variables and skeletal regions.

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Health- and skill-related physical fitness profile of Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Sprint and upper limbs power field tests for the screening of low bone mineral density in children

Sprint and upper limbs power field tests for the screening of low bone mineral density in children

Adolescents’ Flexibility Can Affect Motor Competence: The Pathway from Health Related Physical Fitness to Motor Competence

Speed, agility, and musculoskeletal fitness are independently associated with areal bone mineral density in children

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